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Year 2020 / Liked It 1750 Vote / Runtime 131 Min / countries India / Genre Romance. Panga movie on hotstar. Panda's thumb. This movie has repeat value... you guys cant keep bias aside... Pangandaran. Panga meaning. Pangako. Panga ta barabar de naal. Maa to maa hoti hai. ❤️❤️❤️ Real life : Marry kom 🇮🇳. Kisse k sath ghar se bhag jao, aur koi na miley to akaily bhag jao. kuch to karo life main... 😂😂😂. Pangamin ucinky. Pangaea data login. Pangaroo wonder pets. Pangaea continent.

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Panganiban. Panga ho gaya episode 2. Pangako karaoke. Panga film song. 38 38 Posted by 8 months ago Archived 1 comment 84% Upvoted This thread is archived New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast Sort by level 1 MrDestructoid Moderator of r/LivestreamFail, speaking officially Score hidden · 8 months ago · Stickied comment 🎦 MIRROR CLIP: Panga starts playing Endless Challenge - Super Expert Credit to for the clip. [Streamable Alternative] More posts from the LivestreamFail community Continue browsing in r/LivestreamFail r/LivestreamFail Welcome to /r/LivestreamFail: the place for almost anything livestream related. We accept Twitch Clips, anything from a livestream. No moderators of this subreddit work for Twitch. 747k Members 10. 0k Online Created Jun 7, 2015 help Reddit App Reddit coins Reddit premium Reddit gifts Communities Top Posts Topics about careers press advertise blog Terms Content policy Privacy policy Mod policy Reddit Inc © 2020. All rights reserved.

Panga Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Family: Sparidae Genus: Pterogymnus Smith, 1938 Species: P. laniarius Binomial name Pterogymnus laniarius ( Valenciennes, 1830) Panga is the common South African name for Pterogymnus laniarius, a small, ocean-dwelling fish, native to the southeast Atlantic Ocean and southwest Indian Ocean. Alternatively called "torpedo scads ", they are cold-blooded with white flesh. Their scales are generally pink in color with whitish underbelly and blue-green stripes running laterally along their sides. Over the course of its life, a panga will undergo periodic sex-changes with as much as 30% of the population being hermaphroditic at a time. Despite the presence of both sex organs, it is thought unlikely that both are simultaneously active. Panga are slow to reach sexual maturity, with a minimum population doubling time of 4. 5–14 years. In other countries, the name panga may refer to a different species. In Indonesia, it refers to Megalaspis cordyla, in Spain, France, the Netherlands and Poland it refers to Pangasius hypophthalmus, and in Kenya it refers to Trichiurus lepturus. References [ edit] "Pterogymnus laniarius". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 19 March 2006. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2005). " Pterogymnus laniarius " in FishBase. November 2005 version. External links [ edit] FAO's Species Fact Sheet about Megalaspis cordyla.

Pangaea theory. Damn! thats hardcore! i struggle with 7 hours in my cummins truck... Panga panini. Level 1 Oh wow, well, if I was going to lose my WR to anyone, I'm very honored for it to have been Panga! What a legend. Haha. That was definitely not one of my well optimized WRs, basically it was just the only time I did it deathless. What a cool thing to see. :) level 1 This was a crossover episode I was not expecting. Panga making it look easy per usual level 1 On a related note did any very good MM2 player/streamer play woof 2-7 (the bombs one)? I feel like it's genuinely one of the best and most creative levels I have ever seen. level 2 Comment deleted by user 29 days ago ( More than 1 child) level 2 Dram55 played it, but the vod is definitely gone now. level 1 ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)╯╲___🍁🍁🍁🍁 12 points · 29 days ago Idk if I'm misremembering because it's been a while since I've played MM but did Apollo change this one/make it harder? I don't remember some parts. /u/lastgreywolf level 2 You’re probably thinking of the Cannonball Chaos, his first iteration of a cannonball level. This one is a second level that he made harder obstacles for level 1 This is quite the seal of approval from Panga, good stuff Apollo, even if your levels are a bit above my paygrade at times level 1 Can someone fill me in on the apollo thing?

Panga song sunny hindustani. Panga movie song sunny. Panga in english. Panga knife. Pangarap ko ang ibigin ka karaoke. I have a good feeling that this movie gonna earn 200 crore. Panga marine boats. Pangaea boiler room. This looks like an auto level except you have to do all the movements yourself... Pangarap ko ang ibigin ka sarah geronimo. Panda 2. Pangalan. I like how as you go through literally the hardest smm2 level to exist currently, you just hear happy music in the background as you die at the first jump. Panga power requirements. Akshay Khanna ke Real Fans Dil se ek like Thoko Like 👇👇👇♥️♥️♥️.

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Panda cloud. This is amazing video ever... 😅😊🙏😎. Panga fish. Pangarap ko ang ibigin ka morissette amon. Level 1 Seeming his breeze through 2-7 after watching Apollo take so long is amazing to me, shows how much skill there actually is in Mario. level 2 Panga is literally a god in the Mario community. He’s made a ton of ROM hacks that are known solely for their difficulty. Honestly the dude is a mastermind behind a lot in the community and I’m not sure it’d be as popular if he wasn’t around level 2 He did take 10 minutes for it, which is still extremely quick but the video is very heavily edited. level 1 Links/timestamps to other levels: 3-4 3-1 2-7 level 2 And for people looking for Twitch VoDs which include Panga's initial and failed attempts, here's some more links: 3-1 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-7 3-8 2-7 level 1 Can't take anything away from this guy but damn NL's clip on how he's lasted so long compared to other streamers is so true. This dude's amazing but he doesn't seem to say anything lol. level 2 He talks more than videos like this make it seem. You have to realize this video was highly edited to only show when progress was made on levels and doesn't include a lot of between-attempts chatter. level 2 He also has a lot more casual streams where he's shooting the shtick with other streamers that are conversation focused. Usually are MP mario levels and can be pretty funny. level 2 Different strokes though. Like when you are playing Golf It for the 869th time, you had better be interesting to listen to. When you are blowing peoples minds with your level of gameplay you can get by without saying much. level 2 What's the clip? Can you link it? level 1 Is that pause screen falling not cheating? level 2 Pause buffering blind drops is pretty common since you want to know what you're going into. level 2 6969696969696969696969696969696969696969696969696969696969696969 15 points · 14 days ago Been going on for quite a lot longer than the last 3 weeks, not sure exactly how long though He changed his name (not legally) to Apollo, that's about all there is to it level 2 It's his name now, he said he didn't like Austin as much as he likes Apollo level 2 What's cringe worthy is you being judgemental about another person making a harmless personal choice that makes them happy.

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Casts: Toru Uchikado runtime: 102 m average ratings: 7,4 / 10 country: USA Nick Bruno, Troy Quane creators: Lloyd Taylor.

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So as always with new animated films these days we have a good looking animation film with quirky character designs that always give you a chuckle, Will smith being the tall & lean spy in the film with Tom Holland being the nerdy kid in the film.
This reminds me a lot of Rio, and honestly I think I'd watch this and enjoy it.
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So is it called spies in disguise just for the word play since he's a pigeon: Spies in di-skies. Angelina Jolie plays this role the best. That white and brown pigeon is so in love...

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In this high-flying animated comedy, super spy Lance Sterling (Will Smith) and scientist Walter Beckett (Tom Holland) are almost exact opposites. Lance is smooth, suave and debonair. Walter is none of the above. But this unlikely duo must team up for the ultimate mission to save the world when a “biodynamic concealment” experiment transforms Lance into a brave, fierce,! Directed By Troy Quane, Nick Bruno Produced By Fox Animation, Blue Sky Studios, Chernin Entertainment Inspired By The Animated Short Film: Pigeon: Impossible by Lucas Martell Cast Will Smith, Tom Holland, Ben Mendelsohn, Karen Gillan, Rashida Jones, DJ Khaled, Masi Oka.

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Movie stream spies in disguise 2017. The trailer. sigh... the trailer was cut so badly. giving all the plot points. if this is a move about him, make it seem like he is struggling and censer so we can care. other wise meh... 14:37 Elsa: You cant just follow me into fire Anna: Then dont run into fire Oh yeah its big brain time. This movie always makes me hungry. You know you're the greatest spy when everybody knows your name Ya sure that wouldn't mean you're bad at your job at being stealthy. Entertainment Access: see a first 4m from the movie Also entertainment Access: Let make a 5m video. Movie stream spies in disguise. Movie stream spies in disguise 2019.

The talk between mario and luigi at the end, the whole timeless classic thing was actually pretty sad. My 9YO son typically "zones out" in movies, but was all in on this one til the very end. to the point he was asking me when it will come out on Netflix. Lots of laughs and good family fun. Movie stream spies in disguise episodes.

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The mom will die, and he cries, becomes someone great, and... Se le encogio el pito XDXD. Movie stream spies in disguise trailer. Movie stream spies in disguise 1. As a 25 year old & my girlfriend being 24 we did enjoy this film even though it seemed it was more for kids but adults can still watch this, granted there was more child parts compared to slightly more serious parts, but not serious for a animation film if that makes sense, with these films you have got to let everything go & just enjoy a laugh, don't take it seriously.

Hedgehog 🌈 🏰 Thankful😊😊😊. It's a kid's movie, yet with nonstop impressive cinematic effects and hilarious one-liners that promise to entertain kids and adults alike! Will Smith is so perfectly cast here in the role of the suave, savvy, quick-witted special agent with all the James Bond-esque gadgets. a guy who pride himself on "flying solo" until he realizes an up-and-coming "gadget developer, Walter, may just have a different approach to combating evil that ultimately comes across as compelling and endearing v. sanctimonious or "preachy.

Movie stream spies in disguise 2016. The characters actually looks like Will and Tom. Hey plzz make a MIB with these 2 plzzzz ❤❤❤❤❤❤. Movie stream spies in disguise youtube. Movie stream spies in disguise free. Movie stream spies in disguise 4. Finally, another original movie and not another mediocre sequel. He protect he atack but most importantly 0:51. Will smith and tom holland don't deserve this... Maleficent: dont ruin my morning. Me: this is so me XD. Já tady furt něco píšu a vy mi dáváte jenom prd to snad to to nemůžete. A nebo jo nebolo tomu že to nebolo ja neviem už už nic.

I seem to remember the Addams Family having a lot of style and charm to it. This just leaves me with an empty void feeling. Movie Stream Spies in disguise.

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Ratings: 6,5 / 10 / Three Christs is a movie starring Richard Gere, Peter Dinklage, and Walton Goggins. Three Christs follows Dr. Alan Stone who is treating three paranoid schizophrenic patients at the Ypsilanti State Hospital in Michigan, each of whom / / writer: Eric Nazarian / 2017 / Drama.

Jeremy Irvine - When you play the central character and your name isnt even on the poster or in the trailer. Yikes. The three christs of ypsilanti book pdf. The three christs of ypsilanti milton rokeach. The three christs of ypsilanti summary. Alice 💕.

You know hes a good actor if you just dont think of him as Harry Potter anymore

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When will we be able to view it. Where and when will I be able to see this. The three christs of ypsilanti download. The three christs of ypsilanti review.

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"Three Christs" was a last minute choice of mine at the TIFF. As a big Dinklage's fan, and considering that it was a world premiere, it was easy enough to go check it out. I'm glad I did. This movie is one about the brain and its struggles, but it does so with a big heart. It's funny and touching with a good balance, and the acting is top notch (I'm actually a bigger Dinklage's fan after the movie. The underlying themes about psychiatry as science and its potential negative effect on personality, the nature of identity, the complex interaction of desire and fear are inhabiting the film and are as relevant today as they were at the time. In summary, a great entertaining movie with a deeper layer. and a stellar Dinklage.

The three christs of ypsilanti. HIPSILANTI? come on.

 

Charlotte Hope. Okay, now Im seriously. I'm waiting for 3 Satans. Frank Gallagher from shameless couldve really be perfect for the role Steve buscemi is playing. The three christs of ypsilanti read online. The three christs of ypsilanti netflix. The three christs of ypsilanti amazon. Author the three christs of ypsilanti. I really thought by now CGI could get a dog out of the Uncanny Valley. They should have just made a cartoon. The three christs of ypsilanti audiobook. For some reason, a pirated copy of this movie ended up in a stash that some guy gives every year to my very conservative priest uncle, when he goes on holiday. So, the other day he calls me for recommendations and I tell him to watch this, for it is a beautiful movie in which a family experiences a major crisis yet comes out of it united and stronger than ever through love and forgiveness Hey, isn't that what the movie is about.

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Three Christs Full Movie - UPDATE MOVIE FREE BLURAY 1080p UPDATE MOVIE FREE Watch Three Christs Full Movie Free - Anthony Gonzalez - Download Online FREE Original URL: Production: Walt Disney Pictures Genre: Family, Animation, Adventure Stars: Anthony Gonzalez, Gael García Bernal, Benjamin Bratt, Renée Victor, Ana Ofelia Murguía, Alanna Ubach Overview: When her boyfriend dumps Emily, a spontaneous woman in her 30s, she persuades her ultra-cautious mom to accompany her on a vacation to Ecuador. When these two very different women are trapped on this wild journey, their bond as mother and daughter is tested and strengthened while they attempt to navigate the jungle and escape. Watch Three Christs Full Movie Free - Anthony Gonzalez Walt Disney Pictures, Three Christs Full Movie Free, Three Christs Full Movie, Three Christs Full Movie Online, Three Christs Full Movie Online Free, Three Christs Full Movie Download, Three Christs Full Movie Watch Online, Three Christs Full Movie Free Download Three Christs Pelicula Completa en Español Latino, Three Christs Pelicula Completa en Español Latino Online, Three Christs pelicula completa en español Latino Online Gratis, Ver Three Christs Pelicula Completa en Español Latino, Ver Three Christs Pelicula Completa en Español Latino HD, Ver la Pelicula de Three Christs Completa en Español, Three Christs Free Full Movie Watch Online Free Download, Three Christs Full Movie Watch Online, Three Christs Full Movie Download In HD Mp4, Three Christs Full Movie - Free Online FREE, Watch Three Christs Full Movie Online Free, Watch Three Christs Free Movie Online, Download Three Christs Full Movie, Watch Three Christs Online Full HD, Watch Three Christs Movie Free Online Three Christs Full Online Watch English, Three Christs Free Full Movie Download online for free in hd 720p quality Download, Anthony Gonzalez, Family, Animation, Adventure based movie Three Christs Free at home or stream, play online in full hd quality in uncut version. #movies, Three Christs Full Movie Streaming Online in HD-720p Video Quality | Watch Three Christs Free Full Movie Online Free | Watch Three Christs Full Movie HD 1080p | Three Christs Full Movie Free Online Free Download, Three Christs in HD 1080p, Watch Three Christs in HD, Watch Three Christs Online, Three Christs Full Movie, Watch Three Christs Full Movie Free Online Streaming, Hindi Movie Three Christs Full Movie, Three Christs Full Hindi Movie, Three Christs Full Movie Hindi, Three Christs Full Movie Hindi Download, Three Christs Full Movie Hindi HD, Three Christs Full Movie Free, Three Christs Pelicula Completa - Free, Watch Three Christs Full Movie, Three Christs Full Movie Online, Three Christs Full Movie Online Free, Three Christs Full Movie Download, Three Christs Full Movie Watch Online, Three Christs Full Movie Free Download, Three Christs Full Movie, Three Christs Pelicula Completa, Three Christs B? phim d? y d?, Three Christs????????, Three Christs Free Full Movie, Three Christs Filme Completo, Three Christs Full Movie Free, Three Christs Full Movie Online, Three Christs Full Movie Online Free, Three Christs Full Movie Download, Three Christs Full Movie Watch Online, Three Christs Full Movie Free Download, Three Christs Full Movie putlockers, Three Christs Full Movie 1080p, Three Christs Pelicula Completa Español Latino Three Christs Full Movie Free Three Christs Full Movie Download Three Christs Full Movie Download in Hindi Three Christs Full Movie Free Three Christs Full Movie Free Online Three Christs Full Movie gad Elmaleh Three Christs Full Movie in Hindi Three Christs Full Movie Online Three Christs Full Movie Putlockers Three Christs Full Movie Watch Online Watch Three Christs Full Movie Online Watch Three Christs Full Movie Online Free Three Christs Free Full Movie Three Christs Free Full Movie Download Three Christs Free Full Movie Online Three Christs Free Full Movie Online Free Three Christs Free Pelicula Completa Three Christs Free Pelicula Completa en Español Latino Three Christs Pelicula Completa en Español Disney Three Christs Pelicula Completa en Español Latino Three Christs Pelicula Completa en Español Latino Free Three Christs Pelicula Completa en Español Latino Online Argentina Three Christs Bulgaria (Bulgarian title)????????????? Brazil (alternative title) Three Christs Brazil Viva - A Vida é Uma Festa Chile Three Christs Spain Three Christs Greece Three Christs:?? Ge? µa t????? t? Croatia Three Christs Hungary Three Christs Russia????????? USA (working title) Untitled Dia de los Muertos Project Three Christs En españoooooooool!


IFC Films The title is a groan-inducing misnomer: While there are indeed “three Christs” in Jon Avnet’s film by the same name—i. e. three paranoid schizophrenics who each believe they are Jesus Christ—a fourth walks amongst them. He’s Dr. Alan Stone (Richard Gere), a new psychologist at Ypsilanti State Hospital who treats these patients with talk therapy instead of electroshock. Avnet and co-writer Eric Nazarian characterize Stone as a hip figure in the late-’50s mental health system: He believes in empathetic care, not punitive faux-remedies. He loves Lenny Bruce. He has an active sex life with his wife and former research assistant (Julianna Margulies), who unwaveringly supports her husband at every turn. Yet Stone also suffers from Christ-like delusions about his ability to cure patients of mental illness. Three Christs is the kind of film that verbalizes this subtext by having Stone make a Freudian slip about the number of Christs in his care. You see, the schizophrenics are treating him as well. Three Christs is based on a 1959 case study by social psychologist Milton Rokeach, who later came to believe his research was built on unethical, manipulative tactics. Rokeach would often act dishonestly towards the three Christs, giving them forged letters from the hospital chief or close relatives that would cause them further distress instead of dismantling their delusions. Avnet includes these events in Three Christs, but the film’s saccharine tone and Gere’s banal performance nevertheless belies the most compelling real-life wrinkle in the story: Stone, a character based on Rokeach, never becomes the film’s accidental villain as good intentions curdle into darker methods. Instead, he’s portrayed as a renegade doctor who thumbs his nose at administrative red tape and goes against his superiors at every turn. He doesn’t play by the rules but gets—not results, exactly, since his patients are never “cured. ” Still, he rates higher than the unfeeling automatons who want to shock them into catatonic states, so who’s to say if he’s actually a negative force? Rather than explore the myriad failures of mid-20 th century America’s mental health system—the ostensible focus of Three Christs— Avnet and Nazarian indulge in trite observations about the mentally ill, while stumbling through by-the-numbers backstories of every principal character that conveniently explain their behavior. Still, Three Christs ’ hackneyed script can’t explain away the tic-heavy, borderline-offensive performances by the main trio of Peter Dinklage, Bradley Whitford, and Walton Goggins, all of whom affect stereotypically “crazy” dispositions or accents that the inmates from One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest would consider a bit much. Nor does it account for the film’s slapdash editing— which makes Three Christs feel both rushed and painfully long—or Avnet’s tiresome point-and-shoot direction. Similar to the corny writing, Jeff Russo’s syrupy score prods you in the ribs whenever it’s time to feel. An insipid, boring mess, Three Christs doesn’t even have the decency to be amusing, apart from Stephen Root’s forced delivery of the film’s title followed by a what-a-world head shake. There’s no salvation to be found in this story of a sane man learning about his own limitations from the insane—only suffering.
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Not a good idea to bully someone who's bone structure is mutch denser. I think this movie would work better as a play.

 

 


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Cast Will Patton / audience score 31 votes / tomatometer 7,9 / 10 / Matthew Pope / / Duration 1 Hour 25M. Blood on her name embargo. I'll definitely watch this. As a criminal psychologist I've heard it all. Virtually any outrageous reason you can think of for why someone committed the crime they did, I've heard. Now, when I say I believe someone who told a preposterous story, it's because I do believe that is the reason they did it. Do to whatever mental illness they might suffer from, there's times I believe them when they say a leprechaun told them to kill their neighbor. Obviously I don't believe an actual leprechaun manifested itself to this person and that they actually only did what they did because they are crazy, but in my line of work you have to talk to the person as if what they were hallucinating about actually happened. This case was different though. I think I believe his story and not because he thinks that's what happened, but because I've had a feeling for a long time he was not suffering from any mental affliction and might actually have been telling the truth. I'm going to post the transcript from my interview with him here on nosleep, there will of course be some redacted information, names were changed, and I've cut out a lot of my trivial interjections in the interest of flow and pacing. Any interjection from me will be in (parenthesis) and it will otherwise be told from his first person perspective. I'll leave it up to you all to decide if he's crazy. A little about him before we start. He was a PhD educated professor of biology, anatomy and pathology and serves as the chairman of the Biology Department at the local university. He had no personal or familial history of any kind of mental illness. ---- (Please introduce yourself and why you are here) "My name is Michael and I shot my friends Dave and Gary right outside our personal science lab at the docks near Marina. " (Start from the beginning) "It all started a few days ago when the school year concluded, we were taking our annual camping trip to celebrate the end of exams. It was me, Dave, Gary, and John, all fellow biology department professors. We go to Provincial Park in Canada every year. We spend a few days at a campground and then we go to a deep woods wilderness camp site that we have to use our canoes to get to. That is our favorite part, the deep woods, there's never anybody there and we're all alone. " "The vacation went well at first. Once we found a nice site in the back woods that started off great too. I'm SCUBA certified and we had never been to this part of Lake before, we were more backwoods than we'd ever been. I was eager to dive here. " (How's the visibility, most lakes I've heard like this the visibility isn't great or there's nothing to see) "True there's not much to see. It's the same kind of fish you can see in a city park pond, but there's something about diving in a body of water few people ever touch. It's mostly unsullied by people's garbage and whatnot. " (Tell me what you saw down there) "I didn't dive until our second day. It was very uneventful but part of the enjoyment for me, like I said, was being 30 feet down and not seeing any trash or anything man-made at all. " "I went out further towards the center of the lake. Visibility was low so I didn't see it right away, it kind of crept up on me. At first I thought it was a small propeller plane or something but I quickly realized it was too big. It was irregularly shaped for sure and had a large shaft toward what I figured was the rear of the craft protruding upwards that had a small "fin" at the top. The fin was probably about 15 feet or so below water level. " "I swam to what I thought was the front of the craft and saw a rounded area sitting atop the otherwise pointed bow. It had a little window that I thought must be the cockpit, the glass was broken and it was impossible to see anything inside. I quickly came to the conclusion based on the design of this vessel it did not appear to be any man-made craft of any kind that I had ever seen or heard of and that I was potentially looking at a UFO. " "I reserved full judgment on whether or not this was a UFO until I got a second opinion. John was also a diver and had brought a tank. I would have him go down with me to investigate further. I really shouldn't have been diving by myself anyway. " "John was immediately intrigued when I told him I had found an aircraft at the bottom of the lake and it didn't look like anything I'd ever seen before. He was ready to go in minutes. We took a canoe out to where I thought it was to save air and we went down. We found it relatively quickly. " "He did as thorough a swim-around as I did. Seeing it again it was kind of shaped like a large arrowhead. Look up an F-117 Nighthawk, that's kind of what it looked like though it looked much more... 'alien' in design. It wasn't flat underneath, it had a bulkier cargo area or something below. " "John found a large opening in the hull underneath what appeared to be the left wing of the craft. He was ready to enter but I stopped him. My air was too low and it was getting dark. I motioned for him to meet me at the surface so we swam back up. I told him I needed to switch to my other tank, each of us had brought two tanks, if there was any chance of us entering the craft. I also told him it would be much better to wait until morning. " "We spent that night telling Gary and Dave what we had seen. Gary immediately became paranoid, he was of the mind since we even knew this craft existed that we were in danger from the Government. If we swam into the aircraft and actually found an ET (the pilot), we were as good as dead. " "We eventually decided we were indeed going in. We toyed with Gary saying the pilot was probably long gone. He swam out the back, assimilated into human form and probably replaced, and is now living as, the Queen of England. We eventually went to bed but I hardly slept at all. I don't think John did either. " "The next morning John and I went down again. We approached the hull breach, it was more than large enough for us to fit in one at a time. It's important to note the exterior of the aircraft was metallic but it was difficult to say what material. What I found interesting is that the outer hull was completely free of aquatic fungus or algae or even rust, anything that would indicate it had been there a while. This led me to believe this may have been a recent crash and that made me nervous. " "We secured a rope near the outside of the craft so we could follow it to find our way out if we got turned around at all. Once we got inside the interior told a different story. The inside was very dilapidated, nowhere near the almost pristine nature of the outer hull. Judging from the aquatic plant life and algae that we could see growing and the amount of fish that had settled and were darting out of every crevice we swam by it appeared this vessel had been down here for some time. " "We appeared to be in some sort of cargo area. There was an open doorway near the back we looked in and it appeared to be an engine room. We examined what we believed to be the engine but rubble and pillars had fallen and it blocked our access to the greater part of the area. We proceeded down a narrow corridor towards the bow. " "We swam right and we came to a ladder. This ladder went up a few feet and we saw what appeared to be a hatch that was closed. We swam up to it and examined it. We pushed on it first to no avail and searched around the area until I saw what appeared to be a lever off to the side. I motioned to John and he motioned for me to pull it. I did so and we heard something near the hatch mechanically release, which also released a large amount of air bubbles into the water, but the hatch remained closed. " "We puzzled over it for a few seconds before John pulled out his diving knife. He attempted to slide it into one of the edges on the right side of the hatch and was able to penetrate a few inches. He worked it for a few minutes and the hatched inched open slightly before the blade snapped. It had opened just enough for us to get our fingers in so we tried pushing and pulling. There was much resistance but with our combined efforts the hatch slowly began to open. " "We swam up into what could only have been the cockpit. I saw the broken window I had seen from the outside. John swam ahead and around what appeared to be a large chair, probably for the pilot. I heard him let out a muffled cry of extreme surprise and he swam back towards me faster than I had ever seen him swim. His mouthpiece had fallen out of his mouth and he had to put it back in. " "His eyes were wild. He pointed to the chair and he made back and forth motions with his hands like he was turning a steering wheel. I was slightly confused but then he pretended he was using a joystick and made muffled sounds with his mouth. I realized he was pretending to fly a plane and the sounds he was making were supposed to be the machine guns. I then realized he was trying to tell me the pilot was still sitting in his chair. " "I motioned for him to calm down. I was afraid as well but I knew I needed to see this. I motioned to him that I was going to go and look for myself. I motioned for him to stay but he shook his head. I then proceeded to swim slowly around the chair and he followed behind me. " "Any doubt that this was a UFO was then extinguished. The being sitting in the chair was humanoid but definitely not human. Its head was about 20% larger than a humans I'd say and it was probably about 4 feet tall. Its arms were floating lifelessly in the water and were disproportionately long. I took note immediately about how there appeared to be no rot or skin breakdown on this being despite the length of the time the cargo area indicated this craft had been underwater. " "I knew John and I needed to actually speak so I motioned for us to retreat. We returned to the surface and discussed our options. After the initial 'holy shits' and 'what the fucks, ' we discussed our next options. The first was to simply leave and not tell anybody, including Gary and Dave, what we had seen. We knew we'd never be able to keep that secret so that was out. " "We discussed a few more options before I realized what we needed to do. Or I should say, what I badly wanted to do. I told John we needed to get it back to our lab we had at the docks and perform an autopsy. He looked at me like I was a complete idiot. He asked how the actual fuck we were supposed to get it back to the states. I told him my plan and he said it might just work. We then retrieved the body carefully and loaded it into the canoe. I rowed back to shore while John swam, I don't think he wanted to sit in the boat with the body. " "Unsurprisingly, Gary and Dave absolutely flipped their shit when we got back. I told them we were leaving right now, going back to the car and driving straight home. They were confused at first but then John told them what was down there was not only a UFO but the pilot was in the canoe. Gary turned white as a ghost when he saw it and Dave was intrigued. " "I then laid out my plan. We drove an oversize cargo van. There was on bench seat in the back that sat about a foot off the floor so you could put crap underneath it. My plan was to leave the body in the canoe, pack it with ice and cover it up, then put the canoe in the back with us instead of on the roof. It would just fit since the front end would be able to fit underneath the bench seat in the back. We then drive straight to our lab. " (What kind of lab is this, you just have your own lab? ) "We use it for ourselves. It's rented space in one of the warehouses. We mostly use it to set up lab assignments for students or test new assignments we think of to make sure they are actually a viable assignment. " (Ok. Please continue) "Gary freaks out and almost loses it. He says if we get 'randomly' searched when crossing the border back into the states they'll find the body and we're all as good as black bagged. Dave tells him that as long as everyone shuts the fuck up and only the driver talks we'll be fine. We all argued for about 20 minutes about it before it was settled: we were taking this body back to our lab. " "We got everything packed up and ended up leaving some things we could replace later since we were in such a hurry. It was a three hour drive, but only one hour to the border. We just had to get across. I would be the driver and would do all the talking. Gary was a nervous wreck as we watched cars seemingly at random get beckoned over to a separate drive area to be inspected. He held it together somehow. " "We crossed over without incident. Gary about had a mental breakdown as we pulled away from the station and were home free. We changed the ice several times but otherwise the canoe cooler held up. I drove slightly below the speed limit since we certainly didn't need to get pulled over. We got to our lab at about 2:30 in the afternoon. " "We smuggled the cadaver into our lab and set it up on the table. We locked all the doors and made sure the windows were drawn as well. I realized at this time we were at a point of no return. We were about to perform an unauthorized autopsy on an alien lifeform. We had no idea how we were supposed to publish our results or what we were supposed to do when we concluded. We were all likely to get black bagged if this was something the Government wanted to keep secret but we had come this far and there was no way we were going to stop now. We video recorded the entire thing. " "My initial examination revealed the ET did not have a sternum similar to humans. It had two large sternum-like bones on the left and right sides of its chest but its center was soft, making it an easy choice for a first incision. We cut deep in order to open it up. It was fascinating. It appeared to have all the same internal organs as we do, just in different spots of course. It was hard to tell what was what aside from the lungs. We concluded they must be the lungs because they were filled with water, initially indicating the cause of death was drowning. There did not appear to be any trauma anywhere else on the ET's body so we also concluded it may not have actually crashed as initially thought. " "While we had it opened we labeled all the organs we thought we could. Whether or not it was actually correct we obviously had no idea, but for the sake of completion we assigned everything and came to the conclusion the ET had a heart, liver, lungs, kidneys and possibly a spleen. " "We then moved to its head. Its brain was similar to humans in that it looked similar and as far as we could tell consisted of several different lobes, though the main difference was that it appeared to be triangular in shape, as if it were a pyramid sitting within its skull. There was also a small, unknown gland situated near the base of the brain itself. We had initially deduced the brain stem was already accounted for, so what this other gland was we had no idea. " "It was at this point in the procedure that Dave stated the gland was 'beating. ' I asked how that could possibly be since this creature was clearly dead but upon inspection myself I too noticed it did appear to be beating, very slowly. I placed my hand softly upon the gland and felt it pulse. I noticed immediately a silvery, metallic-looking bodily fluid of some kind on my glove that this gland appeared to be secreting. Not only did it appear to be still pumping this substance through the body somehow, it also secreted it into the cavernous spaces of the skull and down its spinal column. Using a syringe I pierced the gland and was able to aspirate a significant amount of the fluid. It was a silvery liquid that looked similar to mercury but lacked the shine. It was a very dull silver in color. I placed it into a vial for further research. " (Was it its blood? ) "I don't know. I don't believe it was simply because the next day we found out what it did. " (What was that? ) "We spent all day theorizing over our findings. We spent the night at the lab and didn't call our families. We weren't due back for a few days anyway. We woke up the next morning to a shocking finding on the cadaver: the incision I had made in its chest was in an advanced state of healing. We didn't equate this substance to this healing until after we discussed how an incision so large as to open the entire front of the torso could possibly look this healed in a little over 18 hours. We deduced the mystery gland with the mysterious substance was the only thing still functioning on this cadaver somehow despite its deceased status. We decided we needed to test this hypothesis. " "I could talk for days about our experiments so I'm going to have to break it down to the most important parts. We decided to inject this substance into lab mice to see how they reacted. The first three mice we injected appeared to die but they didn't actually perish. Clinically they appeared dead, meaning the fluid was incompatible to the point of causing death in the subject, but after declaring them dead they were found to be active again after a short time, though they seemed almost rabid. They viciously attacked the other mouse in the pen and killed it immediately and appeared to begin to cannibalize its corpse. " "We then attempted to terminate the rabid mice using an injectable toxin. We have euthanized many mice using this method and this is the first time it did not have any effect on any of the three of them. I then doubled the dose and injected them again. They should have been dead in less than a minute but they remained as active as before. Dave took over at this point. He took the tongs that we used to hold them in place and proceeded to pierce their skulls with the syringe. This method effectively resulted in their deaths. " "John then suggested we inject a few more mice but keep them all separate. I agreed and proceeded to inject three more mice with the fluid. " "It was at this time we decided to test our hypothesis that this substance was providing the cadaver a healing property despite it being dead by removing the gland. We extracted more of the silvery fluid since we feared removal of the gland would result in loss of the fluid production itself. After the gland was removed a large incision was made to test our hypothesis. After nearly 8 hours the incision had not healed at all, thus proving our hypothesis: whatever this fluid was, it had a tremendous healing effect on this ET's body. That must have been why there was no trauma on the body from the crash, it had been healed. We also theorized that this substance could not actually bring the ET back to life should it perish, as it appeared to have drowned and died. " "I'm getting ahead of myself. Shortly after euthanizing the lab mice we performed an autopsy on one of them. Though they had been dead only about 15 minutes its internal organs told a different story. Atrophy and shrinkage of the internal organs indicated the mouse had been deceased for several hours. Knowing this could not possibly be we examined its brain, where a large concentration of the silver fluid had accumulated. We had no explanation for this and after lots of conjecture we hypothesized that with the amount of this fluid located in the brain of this mouse that it somehow retained its healing property and despite the apparent toxicity of this substance it somehow kept the mouse's brain active, though on a very primitive level, while it caused the rest of the body to waste away as if it had expired. We felt this was an appropriate hypothesis given the toxin we used had no effect on the mouse and only after we pierced its brain did it finally expire. We then did an autopsy on the other two mice which produced identical results. " (What happened with the other set of mice? ) "This is kind of the beginning of the end. Two of the mice proceeded exactly as the first three had, they appeared to die only they did not and became rabid, immediately attempting to attack our fingers when we pressed them up to the glass. The third mouse however exhibited something else entirely. Long after the other two had gone rabid this mouse appeared to be completely unaffected by the injection of this fluid. " "We knew we had to be very careful with this mouse in how we proceeded, as it was not exhibiting symptoms of toxicity from this fluid we needed to ascertain whether or not this mouse's body had accepted the fluid and was now capable of regenerating from physical injury or if it was simply carrying this fluid in its body. " (Carrying as in the medical sense with disease? ) "Correct. This mouse could simply be immune to the toxicity or incompatibility and not be able to regenerate from injury, it just carries this fluid in its body. " "Unfortunately John got ahead of himself. Seeing the mouse appeared to be perfectly fine he picked it up. It bit him hard enough to pierce his glove on his left thumb. He dropped the mouse and it scampered away. Gary and Dave immediately tore the place apart looking for it as did I while John began scrubbing and decontamination. We were not able to find it, we had lost our only successful specimen. " "We advised John to go to the hospital immediately but he declined. It was his fault we lost the mouse and he was determined to continue searching for it. We should have insisted harder than we did that he go. We never found the mouse. " "We spent most of that day in conjecture and hypothesizing our findings. By the evening we were still going over notes and making journal entries. At about 6:30pm John had an uncontrollable coughing fit. He looked pale and diaphoretic and we knew it was because of the mouse biting him. His thumb also looked disgusting. We were all biologists, we should have known to stop what we were doing and take him in right away, but we just couldn't peel ourselves away from what we were doing. Gary volunteered to take him to the local ER while Dave and I stayed behind. I never saw John again. " "While we were alone Dave mentioned we needed to test the fluid on something other than a mouse. It was at this point I realized we had all gone too far. We should have just left the crash site alone and certainly shouldn't have entered it. Dave was starting to become fanatical, bordering on unethical. He started to offer picking up a stray dog or cat and when he mentioned a homeless person it was at that point I knew we were all in serious trouble. I told him there is no way any of us could possibly partake in something so unethical. " "He reiterated the fact that somehow we needed a human test. Maybe it was just something with the mice, if a human host accepted this fluid it could potentially be synthesized to create the most powerful healing agent known to man. Sickness and disease could be eradicated if it worked. " "I repeated to him 'if it worked. ' We would be responsible for the death of a human being if it didn't. It would absolutely be murder. " "After a few minute or so I realized we did have a human test: John. I told Dave just look at John, he's showing the same symptoms of decline the mice did. He then told me that can't be considered a true test. The mouse couldn't possibly have passed on the mystery fluid through a small, simple bite. A full injection needed to occur. " "I began to realize with John's condition that this fluid appeared to be acting like a true disease. If it were to be able to be transferred via a bite and then cause a rabid insanity in anyone who was incompatible we could be looking at a major outbreak. I felt like I needed to call the hospital to warn them. " (Did you? ) "I didn't get the chance. Gary came back at that point and said John appeared to look even worse after only 20 minutes in the car. I informed in what I had talked to Dave about and he immediately concurred we needed to stop what we were doing. We went back to the lounge room we have, we rented out several other small offices in addition to the area we use for our lab, and found Dave was missing. Fearing the worst we immediately went back to the lab and found him with a tourniquet on his left him, he was injecting the silver fluid into his arm. " "Gary asked him ' what the hell did you do?! ' and I had some choice questions myself. Knowing he had just signed his own death certificate I knew we needed to involve the police at that point. I was not optimistic that his body was going to accept the fluid as the mouse's had. " "We discussed our options at that point. I reiterated my theory on how this fluid acted almost like a virus. All but one of the mice had succumbed to the incompatibility and eventually went insane. It was my theory that one of two things occurred in the mouse that did not: either for reasons unknown the mouse accepted the fluid and was now a 'super mouse, ' or the mouse was simply acting as a carrier, meaning its body was unaffected by the fluid and it was simply carrying it. Either case it would still be capable of transmission via bite. " "Gary was a virologist and he mentioned one other thing. Some viruses cause mutations of the host genome. Nothing like you see in the movies where they turn into hulking monsters, but we had to consider two things: This wasn't actually a virus, it just appeared to act like one, and if this fluid did cause a mutation there's no telling what that would mean. " (You shot him so obviously he went bad, and I'm guessing you wouldn't have mentioned this mutation thing if that's not what happened) "That's what happened. I guess we'll just skip to the main event, I could ramble on about theory and our scientific shenanigans all night. We didn't get much sleep that night on account of Dave. We drew some blood and did an analysis and his blood was loaded with some sort of antigen, no doubt a product of the introduction of that fluid. It seemed liked it was rewriting his genome somehow. By midnight he was noticeably taller, as if his growth plate had been reopened by this antigen. This did not happen in the mice, so this was intriguing. But he was also declining visibly. He was pale, his color was leaving him and he was diaphoretic. His decline was much slower than the mice and John as well. We'd virtually forgotten about John by that point. " "We had old hospital restraints in our equipment room, Dave said we should tie him down. He said he was starting to lose it, he looked like hell, like death. And he was huge, he was Arnold Schwarzenegger and getting bigger. His left hand was starting to contort and deform into this horrid claw. It was far too late to take him to the hospital at that point so I knew we were screwed. " "We tied him down, claw and everything, though I didn't think that was going to matter. It didn't. Gary and I fell asleep like idiots. I woke up and it was about 6:15 in the morning. I nudged Gary telling him to wake the fuck up and we checked on Dave. He was dead. I instantly got a tremendous feeling of dread. How long had he been dead? Was he actually dead? He could reanimate any second. " (Did he? ) "Yes. Gary was examining the body and he was way too close. I told him to back up but it was too late. Dave reached over faster than I'd seen anyone ever move and had Gary by the throat. He snapped the restraints we had him in as if he was tied down with toilet paper. He then bit a huge chunk out of Gary's shoulder and then broke his neck. Pretty sure that was just on accident though on account of his new strength. " "I ran for it as he threw Gary away. Dave stood up and had to be about 6'5, he was 5'10 or so previously. I went to the lounge, we had a. 45 hidden there. Just in case, there were nights we were there late. The Docks can gather its shady characters at night. " "Anyway, I had the lights off and I was hiding behind the desk. I could hear Dave's heavy footsteps outside. His respirations were like a chainsaw, I knew he was looking for me. The door to the lounge opened and I heard heavy footsteps enter the room. I'm shaking uncontrollably as I hear him stop. I ask myself have his senses heightened? Can he hear me or even smell me? " "I hear a few more steps and suddenly the desk lifts up into the air like it weighs nothing and Dave's claw is holding it up with just the one arm. His clothing was torn and tattered and his skin looked like it was rotting off. I don't know if he was startled or what but what I did next was straight out of a ridiculous kid's movie: as he stood there holding the desk up I simply crawled between his legs out behind him and ran for it. I heard the desk smash into the wall behind me like he had thrown it. I made for the door outside but then I realized something: I have to stop Dave here and now, if he gets out how many people is he going to kill and then infect? " "I went back towards our lab. I had seven shots, I would get as close as I could and put all seven in his head, head trauma is what finally stopped the mice. I slowly entered the lab just in time to see Dave wind up and punch a hole through the wall, after which he stepped out into the sunlight and into the marina. I followed as fast as I could. " The early birds were all out on the docks and the marina getting their boats ready, ripe for the picking. I hollered DAVE as loud as I could as I ran up to him. He spun around with a growl that would make a lion jealous. This caught everyone's attention of course and they all turned to see me run up to him and put two in his face. He stumbled and swayed before falling back. I then put three more in his head and it pretty much exploded. The shrieks of bystanders filled the area as everyone scattered. " "Running on pure adrenaline and nearly insane myself, I ran back into the lab. Gary had been bit, he needed one in his head too. As I got back into the lab I saw Gary start standing up again, he turned fast. I put two in his head as well. " "No sooner did I drop the gun in pure shock that I heard rushing footsteps behind me followed by ' get on the ground now! ' and here we are. " --- So let me tell you why I think I believe him. I asked him about the crime scene and if anyone saw Dave as a creature and he had no idea. He had no idea what became of the lab and all their research either nor did he know anything about John. He was very educated but he also had street smarts, he told me at that point that any day now once it came out what had happened the Government would be stepping in and he'd be black bagged. He was right. A couple days later I was approached at the station by men in suits, FBI for sure, and they told me my services were no longer required in this case and I was to turn over all materials related to it. I turned over the tape but I had already saved it elsewhere so I wasn't to pissed about it. I asked the arresting officer and detectives assigned and they told me they too had been reassigned and that the case was being handled "externally. " I decided to do some investigating of my own. First thing I checked was their lab in one of the warehouses at the docks. This was at least a week after the event and I could still see men in hazmat suits entering and exiting the warehouse, which seemed to be completely closed off, not just the areas they rented. I needed binoculars since you could barely go anywhere down there without being stopped and redirected by men who were most certainly mercenaries. Next thing I checked was the hospital. I have a couple doctor friends. I asked the ER doc and he said he'd never seen anything like it. They shipped him up to the floor real quick. Luckily the admitting doc on the floor was also a friend, he told me they put a gag order on him so we met in person. No traceable, electronic conversations of any kind. He told me that John died shortly after he was admitted. He told me he had pronounced him himself, he was stone cold dead. He said as soon as they bagged him up John then sat up and started thrashing and snarling and growling. They called security and then called the cops after a nurse aide got bit trying to open the bag. They were able to zip the bag back up without anyone else getting bit. A security guard supposedly lost it when he saw John's dead body going crazy and biting a fellow employee so he hit him with a portable oxygen tank over the head, apparently enough trauma to kill John, again. A few days later the aide "turned in" her resignation via email and was never heard from again. He also told me John's chart was later deleted entirely. He told me you can't just "delete" a patient's electronic medical record, whoever did it would have to be way high up. As for John's body someone from the Coroner's Office came to get the body but my friend didn't recognize them, he knew all the pick up guys. They also drove away in an unmarked van, city vehicles were all clearly marked. Lastly I went to the campsite myself where they went. I used my GPS to find the lake they said they went to and took the back road to where they launched their boats. It was completely blocked off and not only were there angry "no trespassing" signs up, but there was even one saying intruders might be shot. I'm hoping it's been long enough that it's blown over and nobody is bothering with me any more so I can tell this story. As for Michael I never heard from him again either. I tried looking him up in the system and his file with the local department had been deleted as well, police records are another thing you can't just "delete" entirely. All four of their Facebooks have been deactivated and Google searches only bring up people with similar names, it doesn't even bring up anything from the University. Michael was black bagged for sure, as were the other three postmortem. I don't know about you, but this has conspiracy written all over it and the more I think about it, the more I actually think this all happened, exactly as Michael said. One other thing I can't help but think about was that mouse that got away. Is there a genetic super mouse somewhere down at the marina, or did those Government wackjobs find it? If they didn't we all better hope he lays low, it seems like major outbreaks throughout history always start with rodent carriers.

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I run a private campground. I have a set of rules to ensure everyone stays safe but rules can’t accommodate every situation and they still allow room for mistakes. I have made my share and I can only be thankful that so far they have not been fatal, not like the mistake my mother made. Last time I told you about the lady with extra eye s who may save you from your bad decisions, if you are willing to let her. If none of this makes sense, perhaps you should start at the beginning. Three exciting things have happened since my last update. Do you remember the person who wanted to buy my campground? A pleasant young man that I pitied, for being duped by the current sheriff? He’s still in town. Staying at a long-term housing unit about an hour out from here. The old sheriff has been looking into where he came from and why he’s still here. He didn’t want to tell me initially, as he was acting on a hunch, but now he has proof that something strange is going on. He showed up at my house the other day with a packet of papers detailing houses being sold, birth records, etc. The paper trail of a woman’s life. He found only one event of any significance around the second date that the man with no shadow was allowed outside of the campground. It was shortly after my mother made the bargain. The event itself was so insignificant that the old sheriff didn’t pay much attention to it at first, not until he failed to find any more promising leads and followed up on it out of a sense of diligence. A woman moved away. She wasn’t even that local, she lived closer to the larger town a few hours from here. The old sheriff found the record of the sale of her house and since it went on the market the day after the man with no shadow was permitted to leave the campground, he dutifully tracked down what happened to her after that. She went to another state. And three months after leaving she gave birth to a boy and raised him all by herself. The buyer is younger than me. The old sheriff put on his old uniform and borrowed a police cruiser from an officer he was friends with and pulled him over for a speeding ticket. Checked his license to confirm the birth date and then “let him off” with a warning. The name matches. The birth date matches. The buyer is the son of the woman that moved away. So that was the first exciting development. I’m not really sure why that’s important, but the old sheriff is going to keep digging. The second exciting thing that happened was an angry mob showed up at the entrance to my campground. I’ve installed a security camera at the front gate. There’s also a motion sensor that pushes a text message to my phone whenever it triggers, which is far more often than I’d like, to be honest. However, I dutifully check the feed (also accessible from my phone, which is convenient) and I almost dismissed it with barely a glance out of reflex. Thankfully, the array of colors from the mob’s shirts registered as unusual in some part of my brain and I looked at my phone again. Then I radioed my staff and told them to get in contact with the police while I went to the gate. I think the mob didn’t expect me to actually show up. They’d brought a reporter from the local newspaper (easily recognizable on account of there are only a handful of people on staff) and he was busy taking photos from angles where the signs would block the view and make the crowd seem larger than it was. There were perhaps a dozen people present. The signs were about what you’d expect. “The camp must go” and “Kate is the real monster. ” Not gonna lie, that second one made me a bit angry. After all, they had a literal monster leading them. He stood in the front of the mob, well-dressed with his hands in his pockets and a smile on his lean face. At least, that’s what I saw with my left eye. Through my right, the one that itches under my lower eyelid, I saw a cavernous abdomen and the bone of his spine. The mob unconsciously formed around him, clinging tight as if he pulled them into his orbit. I walked to the gate and leaned on it, staring him in the eyes. “You wouldn’t be the first monster I’ve killed with my own hands, ” I mused, keeping my voice low so that the others wouldn’t hear. He leaned in so that we were face-to-face. My focus was entirely on him, my heart hammering, knowing that this was dangerous, that I was mere inches from a predator. Behind him, the mindless shouting of the mob fell away, meaningless in my ears. “In front of all these witnesses? ” he chided. “You’d really show them your true colors? ” “Everyone will see what you are when you’re dead. You know what they call people that kill monsters? Heroes. ” He straightened, still smiling, but I saw hostility in his eyes. One of us was going to end up dead before this was done. “What did I ever do to piss you off? ” I hissed. “You exist. ” His eyes flickered to just over my shoulder, studying the road leading into the campground in calculation. “And I want what is yours. Perhaps I won’t be the master of it… but access will suffice. ” A campground full of ignorant campers with organs for the harvesting? Of course he’d want it. The police arrived shortly after. One cruiser with one officer and he didn’t have much luck dispersing the crowd, as they were too riled up. It didn’t help that my not-brother kept murmuring under his breath and while I couldn’t hear his words, they seemed to have an effect on the crowd, for they surged forwards and hit the gate, shaking it violently and I was suddenly grateful for the heavy iron chain that held it closed. They didn’t leave until the sheriff turned up to disperse them. Yes, the current sheriff. The one I stabbed. Let me tell you, that was real awkward. He stood on the other side of the gate after everyone was gone and I went over there to thank him, because I felt obligated to, and he just looked at me with undisguised loathing. “I wouldn’t even be sheriff if it weren’t for your damn campground, ” he growled after a minute of uncomfortable silence. “I’m sorry, ” I said. “I didn’t realize you were under his control. ” It didn’t have to be said who we were talking about. He looked away, down at the ground, and the line of his jaw tightened as he clenched his teeth in helpless anger. “Yeah, well, ” he muttered, “I think I’d still hate you. You’re not a very likable person. ” “So you can talk about him now? ” A terse nod. “It’s like having someone whispering in your ear, ” he said. “And even when they’re silent, you know they’re there, just about to speak. He’s always there. Always. I’ve had him in my head for a long time now. I don’t think he’ll like me telling you this, but I guess… I don’t care. Almost dying gives you a weird sort of courage. ” I asked him if he knew what the man with no shadow was planning. He did not. He only knew what his instructions were, to force me into a position where I had to sell the campground. Then the old sheriff showed back up and the man with no shadow stopped giving him instructions, because he knew the sheriff was no longer a viable pawn. I warned him about the not-brother. Similar to the man with no shadow, I said, but disguises itself as someone trustworthy through which to work its deceit. He grimaced and said nothing and in that silence it felt as if he were waiting for something. “I’m sorry for what I did, ” I said. “I had to refill the cup somehow, but I shouldn’t have gone for an artery. ” Then, because we were being honest, I asked him if he thought I should sell the campground. He thought about it for a long time, it felt like, and my heart pounded in my chest, afraid to hear his response. Honesty is terrifying like that. It strips away our excuses and our lies and leaves us adrift in a world that is no longer familiar. “I don’t, ” he finally said. “This town… needs the campground. Losing it would throw a lot of people straight into poverty, we’d be ripe for the drug mills to move in, and then all those creatures you harbor would be set loose into our community to prey on the weak and vulnerable. But Kate, this whole thing-” He gestured in at the road, in the direction the angry mob had dispersed. “- is not entirely the fault of the man with no shadow. The town is realizing they’ve made a deal with the devil and they’re not liking what they see when they look in the mirror. ” Then he added that I was the devil, in case I didn’t realize that, and I said I’d figured that out all on my own, thank you very much. He said the town needed more industry, more business, something else to bring in revenue and when his term as sheriff was over he was going to run for a position on the council and try to make that happen. Make me… unnecessary. Which, honestly, I feel that’s a fair position to take. It may be inconvenient for me but I can understand why he’d do that. Then he said one more thing before he left. He said that he did blame me for not trying harder to kill the things that lived here. It wasn’t enough to contain them. Some of them needed to be destroyed. Then he gave me a gift - a pistol - and told me to aim where the man’s shadow should be. And that leads us to the third exciting thing. The man with no shadow was waiting for me on the road. He stood well away from the trees lining the edge so that full sunlight fell upon him and his red hair shone like fire. His expression was smug. I held one hand behind my waist, keeping the gun out of sight. “This is a fun game, isn’t it? ” he said as I approached. “I’m enjoying it. ” “I’m going to take a crowbar to your friend’s head, ” I snarled, “just like I killed the master of the vanishing house. ” His smile faltered. His eyes narrowed, his confidence melting into wary calculation. “You feel… distant. My words can’t find a foothold. What did you do? ” I remained silent, not trusting myself to not give anything away. It didn’t matter. His expression shifted once more, twisting into an ugly sneer. “The lady in the woods, ” he snarled. “That treacherous bitch. I’ll have to deal with her once you’re out of the way. ” I wish you could have heard his tone. The condescension. The certainty in his victory. The naked disdain he had for the one entity on this campground that I trust, the one that has been with me since I was a child. “You’ll leave her alone, ” I said evenly, raising the gun and pointing it at his chest. “That won’t hurt me, ” he said mockingly. “You think you have us under control, with your etiquette and your rules. You’ve deluded yourself. The lady isn’t your friend. None of us are. I at least have the decency to be honest about how I will take your campground from you-” Something in me snapped and I took the sheriff’s advice. To be fair, it wasn’t bad advice. The man with no shadow does need to die. I’ve just been underestimating his capabilities. I shot him in the space where his shadow should go, just as the sheriff suggested. The bullet hit the ground in a cloud of dust. And the man with no shadow shrieked in agony, his body jerked and he fell heavily to his hands and knees, one hand clutching at his ribs. Blood leaked between his fingers and fell in beads to the dusty ground beneath him. And I aimed for where I approximated his head to be and then I hesitated. I’m not sure why. Maybe I was surprised that this actually worked. Or maybe I am my father’s daughter as well and something inside me balked at the thought of killing someone - for while he isn’t human, the man with no shadow is still a someone - in cold, remote detachment. There was no anger to push me forwards, no hatred to blind me. It wasn’t like the master of the vanishing house where I was fighting for my life. It wasn’t like the sheriff, where my anger simmered so low for so long that it only took a small push to send me over that edge and then there was no more time to think about it. Perhaps hatred had made me pull the trigger but then... with him crumpled in front of me, making small, mewling noises of pain - noises that I have made before - I felt the full weight of what I was about to do. There was nothing hiding it from me. There was nothing to bind my reason and let me act out of mindless instinct. I knew what this was. It would be an execution. And I hesitated long enough for him to save himself. He twisted, face contorted in rage and agony, and he raised his bloodstained hand in my direction. Gripped the air tight, his knuckles white, and I felt something grab hold of my shadow. Like a shiver up my spine, but sharp as a knife. He pulled. Something gave. And white agony blinded me, drove me to the ground, and all I could do was scream, digging my fingers into my shoulder as my body told me that my arm was gone, that there was nothing there, even as my fingernails clutched at numb flesh. I’m not sure how long it took for me to regain my wits. Agony has a way of distorting time, narrowing your thoughts so that it is all you know, so that you forget yourself and everything is driven from your mind except a desperate desire to be free of it. I next remember being on my knees, my forehead pressed against the ground, my fingers clutching a shoulder that I could barely feel. My shadow’s arm was gone. Only a tattered end remained behind. And the man with no shadow was also gone. I found a trail of blood that led into the woods. I didn’t dare follow it, not with my right arm hanging limp at my side. I suppose I’m lucky that he didn’t do worse. That his priority was to get the gun out of my hand and taking the arm was the fastest way to do it. I feel there is something wrong with me. I’m slowly regaining the use of my arm as my shadow heals, but the world seems off. The shadows stretch long and in the corner of my vision it seems like they are reaching for me. I catch myself jumping, startled, at the slightest noise. At night the shadows feel oppressive, like a blanket covering me up and I lay in my bed, my breathing shallow, and I sleep fitfully and I dream of a dark shape rushing at me out of the darkness and I wake with a cry when its shadow covers me up. I’m doing my best to function. I keep telling myself that this injury will heal. I don’t want to leave my house though, not with my arm in a sling like this. My most trusted staff are managing the campgrounds and really, with it still being closed for the winter, there’s not much to do. Bryan says the man with no shadow hasn’t been seen since I shot him. Likely in his grove, recovering from his own injury. Just as I am, enclosed in my house. In the morning I have my tea and then I call the old sheriff to see what he’s found out and then I wait. I just… wait. Wait and watch the shadows. The old sheriff is asking about the not-brother. The answers were all over the place. That’s James, just finished his service with the army. That’s Peter, the factory he was working at closed down and he’s back home looking for a new start. That’s Mark… the details hardly matter anymore. But they all had something in common. He’s my best friend, I trust him. He’s my best friend, I’d trust him with anything. He’s my best friend. I’d trust him with my life. It seems like the not-brother has learned his lesson from the dogs too well. He’s not going to come at me directly. He’s going to get the town to do it. I’m a campground manager. I know some of you will be relieved that I didn’t kill the man with no shadow like that, that you hope that this halts my descent into becoming a monster myself. Others will say it would be justified - and it is, I suppose, with all the people he’s killed - and that I should have done what is necessary and finished the job. Perhaps this is my weakness, that I am only strong when I’m angry. I wish I’d known this about myself before I let my rage pull that trigger and start something that I wasn’t able to finish. My arm still hurts. It comes and goes, sharp, twisting pain that leaves me winded. In those moments I remember something, a moment I saw and heard but only distantly, to be replayed as if in a dream. I remember the man with no shadow, huddled with his back to me, crouching low to the ground. The guttural sound of eating as he consumed the stolen piece of my shadow. Then he rose and staggered away into the woods. Next time, there can be no hesitation. Read the full list of rules. Visit our campground's website.

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Her people had taken to space and exploration as a natural extension of their own abilities, their hollow bones and unique muscle structure quickly adaptable to nulgrav and microgravity. But that didn't change anything. Her people, the Akltak, did not worry about such things as the Precursors. Those eggs were smashed, why worry about them? It was like worrying about last year's wind. You should know about it, but it didn't effect today's flights. They were not afraid of what some called the Long Dark, others called the Great Void, and still others called the Great Empty. They had explored it in the three centuries since they had obtained FTL, established colonies, and explored the worlds with what other races called reckless abandon. Which is why things were what they were. Precursor ruins were examined, resulting in the knowledge that those nests were empty and abandoned. Not even bones remained, much less anything useful or enlightening. The ruins were exactly that because of warfare. Akltak understood struggles over nesting grounds, which made it so that the Precursor Ruins intrigued them. What would make two star-faring civilizations completely destroy one another to the point where nobody had even found remains, fossilized or not. This planet, this dead world, had extensive ruins in the sand and rock. The atmosphere was able to support life, able to allow the Akltak to fly, and was rich in oxygen. Which is why things were burning. The ruins had been interesting. Evidence of ground fighting, orbital strikes, of terrible weapons being used that Cheekeet Longflight and the Longflight Clan had eagerly gone over, hoping to glean knowledge from the evidence of the weapons. They had not reacted in superstitious fear like the other Civilized Races to the old breezes of a forgotten nest fight. Which is why her Clan was dying. Almost a hundred years of exploration, expanding the colony, the Longflight Clan budding off into five other clans. The population moving from two-thousand to nearly a half-million. Then The Discovery. Rock had been turned molten, covering The Discovery, concealing it until a hundred million years of wind and dust storms had exposed it to the Longflight Clan's sensors. They had examined it, slowly excavated it as they recorded and examined it. Strange, advanced alloys, unknown construction. The entire Longflight Clan had rejoiced. They had found an intact Precursor Artifact. Which is why Cheekeet had watched her people die. It had suddenly activated. Come to mechanical life. And set out to destroy all life on the planet. Cheekeet had managed to load precious eggs and chicks into a shuttle, had managed to reach one of the stations, and now watched her people die. Kikteek Deepswoop was sitting at the communication station, normally used to file reports, talk to family, or watch the GalNet news. Her feathers drooped with despair as she repeated the request for help from someone, anyone. But they were halfway into the Great Empty and there was no way help could reach them in time. "High Nest Six, are you in need of assistance? " the voice was translated by the Omnitranslator, changed by the computer into the language of the avian Akltak but even so, the calm confidence in the voice came across electronic translation. "By the Great Egg, yes. Oh, Those That Soar, we are all dying, " Kikteek wailed into the communicator. Her professionalism was gone, burned away like the feathers of all of the warrior caste who had tried to stop the rampaging machine. "May I assist you? " The voice asked. Cheekeet checked her scanners. There was one energy source, coming in fast, nearly at light speed, but her scanners could not detect a ship. "Please! Please help us! There are still eggs, chicks, and moltlings down there! It's killing them all! " Kikteek cried out. "Help us, stranger! " "Then you have invited me in and I may assist, " the voice said. Cheekeet checked quickly. The voice was coming across the GalNet superluminal communications array, somehow speaking across a wavelength that normally required huge arrays. Yet she could not find a ship on her scanners, just that energy signature, bright enough to be a huge colony ship. Cheekeet watched as the energy source came streaking at the planet and she cringed, hoping that the being offering assistance wasn't going to "help" by slamming into the planet at nearly light speed. Instead, it suddenly stopped in a flare of inertia and kinetic energy being dumped into jumpspace as if a battle cruiser had just lit off its engines. Cheekeet focused her scanners, eager to see their possible savior, putting it up on the main screen to replace the horror of what was happening on the surface. Everyone trilled in shock. They had expected a ship. Perhaps a battle cruiser full of drop troops. Maybe even a light attack craft willing to enter atmosphere to engage the machine. Instead, it was a bipedal figure, positioned as if they were standing on an unseen platform, upper limbs crossed across their chest. A long piece of material, perhaps even cloth, rippled behind the figure as if it was in wind despite the impossibility of such a thing in space. It was dressed in red and blue, one arm mechanical, one leg mechanical, and one half of its face obviously robotic. Yet exposed skin was visible on the face, one hand, half the neck. Cheekeet chirped softly in confusion. Perhaps its flesh wasn't affected adversely to vacuum? Still, seeing an eye blink, she wondered how that worked, how the figure could even see. She glanced at her scanners and was startled. The energy signal was greater than she'd seen on anything outside of a major metropolis on one of the Core Worlds. "I'll stop this evil-doer, " The voice said, and Cheekeet's eyes widened as she realized the figure's lips moved. It was some kind of primate, melded to mechanical robotic parts. As she watched a panel opened up in the figure's leg, disgorging some kind of machines that took up positions around the figure at various distances. "Those things are broadcasting. They want to know if we wish to view the broadcast, " Kikteek said. "Yes. Log the transmissions, " Cheeket said. Kikteek fluttered her feathers in acknowledgement. The figure suddenly moved, faster than the speed of sound, somehow leaving a blue and red streak behind itself even though Cheekeet could detect no reason for it. Cheekeet set the scanners to follow it, to watch it. "It can't win by itself, " Eekreek said, using the peeps of a molting chick rather than the authoritative clicks and chirps of an adult, as she had since the slaughter had reached its crescendo on the planet. Cheekeet's scanners followed the figure as it swooped down on the closest fight. There were twelve of the lesser mechanicals moving in on a nesting area, rushing up on the defenders and ripping them apart with mandibles and blades, almost seeming to relish in the slaughter. The new being landed in the middle of the battlefield, dust raising up from where it had crashed to earth. Cheekeet expected to see a huge crater but instead the figure was just kneeling on the dirt. The broadcast devices swooped down to get the best views from different angles and distances. One of her monitors reported that a massive amount of kinetic energy had been dumped in jumpspace. The figure stood up and surveyed the scene calmly. Energy, in the high red visible spectrum, lashed from its eyes. Despite the attempt by Cheekeet's people to use laser weaponry to no avail, these beams blew huge chunks from the robotic killer's armor, severed limbs, and when ever the beams touched something vital, caused explosions. In less than then ten seconds all twelve robots were destroyed and the being took to flight, one limb extended in front of them, the broadcast devices keeping up. After the third combat against The Artifact's manufactured minions Cheekeet noticed something odd. Something that tickled at her like a loose feather. The being, which was no taller than Cheekeet, made sure that Cheekeet had the best scanner view. She shifted one of the satellites to check and the being shifted its lines of attack in order to give Cheekeet the best view. Is it ensuring that I can record and document its actions? Cheekeet wondered. The battle against The Artifact took the longest, and was obviously the hardest for the half-mechanical creature. Several time the being's clothing was torn and damaged and she saw bruises appear on the flesh. She saw the mechanical parts on the being get damaged. Every time a broadcast drone was destroyed another was deployed. Twice she saw the being's skin get cut and blood flow. The broadcast drones focused in on those wounds, replaying the blow that caused them. Finally The Artifact collapsed and the being was thrown back by the explosion caused by what was obviously The Artifact's self destruct. The figure laid on the broken glass for a long moment, then got up, wiping the biological part of its mouth with one upper forelimb. It looked up, to Cheekeet's view straight into the camera of the satellite, made an odd expression, then launched itself toward space. It should have left a crater, taking off like that from the ground and no built up momentum. Again, her instruments showed a massive energy dump into jumpspace. The figure stopped suddenly, as if the laws of inertia were something the figure could just ignore. Again, the figure had its upper limbs across its chest, lower limbs pressed together, as if it was standing on an invisible platform. The cloth was missing, torn free during the fierce battle on the planet. "You should be safe now, " The figure said across the GalNet link. "I'll leave a League buoy in case you run into trouble later. Don't worry, it will be monitored. " "Our thanks to you, stranger. Do you require assistance? You appear injured, " Kikteek said, wondering how they'd repair the figure's robotic parts much less flesh that could withstand point blank plasma bursts without even discoloration. "I'll be fine, citizen, " The figure said. "Might we know your name, stranger? " Kikteek asked. "We are the Longflight Clan of the Akltak People. " "Klark Kant, " The figure smiled. "May we know where you are from? " Kikteek asked. "We are from this planet, but originally we are from The Feathered Nebula Cluster. " "Sol, my friends. I'm a Solarian, originally from Krypton, " The figure smiled and made a sweeping gesture to encompass further into the Great Empty. "How may we reward you, Klark of the Kant Clan? " Kikteek asked. "No reward is necessary, friends, " The figure said. "One of TerraSol's greatest heroes is always willing to help out those in need! " It touched two fingers to its brow... and was gone. Cheekeet looked at her scanners. The figure was rapidly accelerating, too fast for even major capital ships to withstand without the inertia crushing the ship to debris. Right when it reached the speed of light there was a rippling glitter and the figure was gone in a flash of blue and red then white light. They were safe, their nest-mates on the planet were safe. And the being had recorded every iota, every microsecond, every joule of the fight, uploading the footage to the station. Cheekeet knew that the Unified Science Council would want that footage. ---------------------- In an emergency session the Unified Exploration Council determined that a seventh type of xenosentient had been discovered in the Great Gulf. The Executors argued that all quasi-authorized and unauthorized colonies or scientific outposts in the Great Gulf should be recalled, by force if necessary. The Executors argue that the actions against the Precursor Artifact show that the Solarians have not only dangerous attitudes but dangerous technology at their disposal. The Unified Science Council counsels caution at this time. ----------------------- TO: Hero League @ Cyborg-Collective From: Klark-351 Check out the attached file! Just over a hundred drones and a Precursor war machine, looked like one of their late generation planetary assault machines, luckily not one of the big boys, but still more than they could handle. I took it down, but man, it was a fight. Attached are visual files so you can tell I upheld our appearances and standards. I want full point credit for this on the leaderboards. Make sure the files get uploaded to InfoNet, I want everyone to check out that last battle. Man, I look good. These bird people, though. I felt bad for them. They didn't stand a chance. Let everyone else on Hero League know that the bird people are pretty formal. They want to see what you look like and know where you're from. Seemed like a cultural thing. Their computer systems are pretty last-gen, software is worse than even the old Mantid pre-war software. I made sure to upload footage of my battle to their servers, as per League rules. Anyway, I think this sector needs some heroes. This should put me over the point score needed to get a League Assemble Trial Raid. I'll need a Wallace from CONFED INT. too, they probably want to know what goes on in this sector. This sector needs protected. I should have enough achievements to establish a base at this time. Any League members who want to take part in the Trial will be required to put up double-standard points to compete. Once a League is assembled, I will be building a base in this sector. There's plenty of heroic deeds to go around out here. --KLARK-351 ---------NOTHING FOLLOWS---------- CONFEDERATE INTELLIGENCE MEMO CC: Artificial Biological States; Digital Artificial Intelligence Infonet Worlds;; Cyborg Cooperative; Clone Directorate; Mantid Free Worlds; Traena'ad Hive Worlds Looks like the LARP group out of the Cyborg Cooperative is starting to patrol the Great Gulf. Someone REMIND THEM that they can't open to Villain League at this time. These are First Contact Species out there, let's not give them the wrong idea about the Confederacy. We're giving the Hero League permission to establish a League Base in that Great Gulf sector and will be assigning a director ranked intelligence liaison. -------NOTHING FOLLOWS--------- CYBORG COOPERATIVE RE: Your Last Will inform the Hero League that at this time only those with a GALACTIC rating or better are allowed in the Great Gulf and any others will be stripped of rank and banned if they do not return in 15 standard units. Understand that this is a delicate situation regarding First Contact xenosapients. Will allow only Admiral and above members of FEDERATION LEAGUE LARPers into the Great Gulf. At least those guys follow directives thanks to the quasi military nature of their organization. ----------NOTHING FOLLOWS--------- AUTHOR EDIT: I realize that this one might not be as popular as the others, but it's an insight into just how humanity is approaching the whole "Explore the universe" thing when space travel is cheap and easy for them. Anyway, here's some links for y'alls: First Contact - Part Four First Contact - Part Three First Contact - Part Two First Contact - Part One Born Whole (OC) P'Thok Eats an Ice Cream Cone.

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Rating=7,8 of 10 director=Ron Howard Actor=Gary Sinise description=Based off of real events of one of the worst NASA tragedy's. In 1971, NASA plans to send out people to the Moon for a lunar mission. They have chosen astronauts Jim Lovell, Frad Haise, and Jack Swigert. They have launched into outer space successfully, however, a slight fault from inside the space module caused an explosion that turned the exploration into a test for survival for the crew of Apollo 13. While Loveel, Haise, and Swigert try to survive in space. The workers at NASA (including Ken Mattingly) try to figure out a way to get the astronauts home safely liked it=254202 vote Jeffrey Kluger.

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So, if you are a millennial, be prepared to call it "boring." Instead it is tense thriller, one about a close tragedy that keeps the audience on the tip of their toes despite the fact that, yeah, we already sort of know it will all turn out OK in the end. I mean, it is based on real life events and is still able to keep the audience gasping, to make them feel how tense and worried everyone is.
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Apollo 13 Apollo 13's damaged service module, seen from the command module, as it was being jettisoned shortly before reentry Mission type Crewed lunar landing attempt ( H) Operator NASA COSPAR ID 1970-029A SATCAT no. 4371 [1] Mission duration 5 days, 22 hours, 54 minutes, 41 seconds [2] Spacecraft properties Spacecraft Apollo CSM -109 Apollo LM -7 Manufacturer CSM: North American Rockwell LM: Grumman Launch mass 45, 931 kilograms (101, 261 lb) [3] Landing mass 5, 050 kilograms (11, 133 lb) [4] Crew Crew size 3 Members James A. Lovell, Jr. John L. Swigert, Jr. Fred W. Haise, Jr. Callsign CM: Odyssey LM: Aquarius Start of mission Launch date April 11, 1970, 19:13:00 UTC Rocket Saturn V SA-508 Launch site Kennedy LC-39A End of mission Recovered by USS Iwo Jima Landing date April 17, 1970, 18:07:41 UTC Landing site South Pacific Ocean 21°38′24″S 165°21′42″W  /  21. 64000°S 165. 36167°W Docking with LM Docking date April 11, 1970, 22:32:08 UTC Undocking date April 17, 1970, 16:43:00 UTC Lovell, Swigert, Haise Apollo program ← Apollo 12 Apollo 14 → Apollo 13 was the seventh crewed mission in the Apollo space program and the third meant to land on the Moon. The craft was launched from Kennedy Space Center on April 11, 1970, but the lunar landing was aborted after an oxygen tank in the service module (SM) failed two days into the mission. The crew instead looped around the Moon, and returned safely to Earth on April 17. The mission was commanded by Jim Lovell with Jack Swigert as command module (CM) pilot and Fred Haise as lunar module (LM) pilot. Swigert was a late replacement for Ken Mattingly, who was grounded after exposure to rubella. Accidental ignition of damaged wire insulation inside the oxygen tank as it was being routinely stirred caused an explosion that vented the tank's contents. Without oxygen, needed both for breathing and for generating electric power, the SM's propulsion and life support systems could not operate. The CM's systems had to be shut down to conserve its remaining resources for reentry, forcing the crew to transfer to the LM as a lifeboat. With the lunar landing canceled, mission controllers worked to bring the crew home alive. Although the LM was designed to support two men on the lunar surface for two days, Mission Control in Houston improvised new procedures so it could support three men for four days. The crew experienced great hardship caused by limited power, a chilly and wet cabin and a shortage of potable water. There was a critical need to adapt the CM's cartridges for the carbon dioxide removal system to work in the LM; the crew and mission controllers were successful in improvising a solution. The astronauts' peril briefly renewed interest in the Apollo program; tens of millions watched the splashdown in the South Pacific Ocean by television. An investigative review board found fault with preflight testing of the oxygen tank and the fact that Teflon was placed inside it. The board recommended changes, including minimizing the use of potentially combustible items inside the tank; this was done for Apollo 14. The story of Apollo 13 has been dramatized several times, most notably in the 1995 film Apollo 13. Background In 1961, U. S. President John F. Kennedy challenged his nation to land an astronaut on the Moon by the end of the decade, with a safe return to Earth. [5] NASA worked towards this goal incrementally, sending astronauts into space during Project Mercury and Project Gemini, leading up to the Apollo program. [6] The goal was achieved with Apollo 11, which landed on the Moon on July 20, 1969. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the lunar surface while Michael Collins orbited the Moon in Command Module Columbia. The mission returned to Earth on July 24, 1969, fulfilling Kennedy's challenge. [5] NASA had contracted for fifteen Saturn V rockets to achieve the goal; at the time no one knew how many missions this would require. [7] Since success was obtained in 1969 with the sixth Saturn V on Apollo 11, nine rockets remained available for a hoped-for total of ten landings. After the excitement of Apollo 11, the general public grew apathetic towards the space program and Congress continued to cut NASA's budget; Apollo 20 was canceled. [8] Despite the successful lunar landing, the missions were considered so risky that astronauts could not afford life insurance to provide for their families if they died in space. [note 1] [9] Mission Operations Control Room during the TV broadcast just before the Apollo 13 accident. Astronaut Fred Haise is shown on the screen. Even before the first U. astronaut entered space in 1961, planning for a centralized facility to communicate with the spacecraft and monitor its performance had begun, for the most part the brainchild of Christopher C. Kraft, who became NASA's first flight director. During John Glenn 's Mercury Friendship 7 flight in February 1962 (the first crewed orbital flight by the U. ), Kraft was overruled by NASA managers. He was vindicated by post-mission analysis, and implemented a rule that during the mission, the flight director's word was absolute [10] —to overrule him, NASA would have to fire him on the spot. [11] Flight directors during Apollo had a one-sentence job description, "The flight director may take any actions necessary for crew safety and mission success. " [12] In 1965, Houston's Mission Control Center opened, in part designed by Kraft and now named for him. [10] In Mission Control, each flight controller, as well as monitoring telemetry from the spacecraft, was in communication via voice loop to specialists in a Staff Support Room (or "back room"), who focused on specific spacecraft systems. [11] Apollo 13 was to be the second H mission, meant to demonstrate precision lunar landings and explore specific sites on the Moon. [13] With Kennedy's goal accomplished by Apollo 11, and Apollo 12 demonstrating that the astronauts could perform a precision landing, mission planners were able to focus on more than just landing safely and having astronauts minimally trained in geology gather lunar samples to take home to Earth. There was a greater role for science on Apollo 13, especially for geology, something emphasized by the mission's motto, Ex luna, scientia (From the Moon, knowledge). [14] Astronauts and key Mission Control personnel Apollo 13's mission commander, Jim Lovell, was 42 years old at the time of the spaceflight, which was his fourth and last. He was a graduate of the United States Naval Academy and had been a naval aviator and test pilot before being selected for the second group of astronauts in 1962; he flew with Frank Borman in Gemini 7 in 1965 and Aldrin in Gemini 12 the following year before flying in Apollo 8 in 1968, the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon. [15] Jack Swigert, the command module pilot (CMP), was 38 years old and held a B. in mechanical engineering and an M. in aerospace science; he had served in the Air Force and in state Air National Guards, and was an engineering test pilot before being selected for the fifth group of astronauts in 1966. [16] Fred Haise, the lunar module pilot (LMP), was 35 years old. He held a B. in aeronautical engineering, had been a Marine Corps fighter pilot, and was a civilian research pilot for NASA when he was selected as a Group 5 astronaut. [17] Apollo 13 was Swigert's and Haise's only spaceflight. [18] Swigert, Lovell and Haise the day before launch According to the standard Apollo crew rotation, the prime crew for Apollo 13 would have been the backup crew [note 2] for Apollo 10 with Mercury and Gemini veteran Gordon Cooper in command, Donn F. Eisele as CMP and Edgar Mitchell as LMP. Deke Slayton, NASA's Director of Flight Crew Operations, never intended to rotate Cooper and Eisele to a prime crew assignment, as both were out of favor – Cooper for his lax attitude towards training, and Eisele for incidents aboard Apollo 7 and an extramarital affair. He assigned them to the backup crew because no other veteran astronauts were available. [21] Slayton's original choices for Apollo 13 were Alan Shepard as commander, Stuart Roosa as CMP, and Mitchell as LMP. However, management felt Shepard needed more training time, as he had only recently resumed active status after surgery for an inner ear disorder, and had not flown since 1961. Thus Lovell's crew (himself, Haise and Ken Mattingly) having all backed up Apollo 11 and slated for Apollo 14, was swapped with Shepard's. [21] Swigert was originally CMP of Apollo 13's backup crew, with John Young as commander and Charles Duke as lunar module pilot. [22] Seven days before launch, Duke contracted rubella from a friend of his son. [23] This exposed both the prime and backup crews, who trained together. Of the five, only Mattingly was not immune through prior exposure. Normally, if any member of the prime crew had to be grounded, the remaining crew would be replaced as well, and the backup crew substituted, but Duke's illness ruled this out, [24] so two days before launch, Mattingly was replaced by Swigert. [16] Mattingly never developed rubella and later flew on Apollo 16. [25] For Apollo, a third crew of astronauts, known as the support crew, was designated in addition to the prime and backup crews used on projects Mercury and Gemini. Slayton created the support crews because James McDivitt, who would command Apollo 9, believed that, with preparation going on in facilities across the US, meetings that needed a member of the flight crew would be missed. Support crew members were to assist as directed by the mission commander. [26] Usually low in seniority, they assembled the mission's rules, flight plan, and checklists, and kept them updated; [27] [28] for Apollo 13, they were Vance D. Brand, Jack Lousma and either William R. Pogue or Joseph Kerwin. [note 3] [33] For Apollo 13, flight directors were: Gene Kranz, White team, [34] (the lead flight director); [35] [36] Glynn Lunney, Black team; Milt Windler, Maroon team and Gerry Griffin, Gold team. [34] The CAPCOMs (the person in Mission Control, during the Apollo program an astronaut, who was responsible for voice communications with the crew) [37] for Apollo 13 were Kerwin, Brand, Lousma, Young and Mattingly. [38] Mission insignia and call signs The Apollo 13 mission insignia depicts the Greek god of the Sun, Apollo, with three horses pulling his chariot across the face of the Moon, and the Earth seen in the distance. This is meant to symbolize the Apollo flights bringing the light of knowledge to all people. The mission motto, Ex luna, scientia (From the Moon, knowledge), appears. In choosing it, Lovell adapted the motto of his alma mater, the Naval Academy, Ex scientia, tridens (From knowledge, sea power). [39] [40] On the patch, the mission number appeared in Roman numerals as Apollo XIII. It did not have to be modified after Mattingly's replacement by Swigert since it is one of only two Apollo mission insignia—the other being Apollo 11—not to include the names of the crew. It was designed by artist Lumen Martin Winter, who based it on a mural he had painted for The St. Regis Hotel in New York City. [41] The mural was later purchased by actor Tom Hanks, [42] who portrayed Lovell in the movie Apollo 13, and is now in the Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center in Illinois. [43] The mission's motto was in Lovell's mind when he chose the call sign Aquarius for the lunar module, taken from Aquarius, the bringer of water. [44] [45] Some in the media erroneously reported that the call sign was taken from a song by that name from the musical Hair. [45] [46] The command module's call sign, Odyssey, was chosen not only for its Homeric association but to refer to the recent movie, 2001: A Space Odyssey, based on a short story by science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke. [44] In his book, Lovell indicated he chose the name Odyssey because he liked the word and its definition: a long voyage with many changes of fortune. [45] Launch vehicle and spacecraft The Saturn V rocket used to carry Apollo 13 to the Moon was numbered SA-508, and was almost identical to those used on Apollo 8 through 12. [47] Including the spacecraft, the rocket weighed in at 2, 949, 136 kilograms (6, 501, 733 lb). [3] The S-IC stage's engines were rated to generate 440, 000 newtons (100, 000 lbf) less total thrust than Apollo 12's, though they remained within specifications. Extra propellant was carried as a test since future J missions to the Moon would require more propellant for their heavier payloads. This made the vehicle the heaviest yet flown by NASA and Apollo 13 was visibly slower to clear the launch tower than earlier missions. [48] The Apollo 13 spacecraft consisted of Command Module 109 and Service Module 109 (together CSM-109), called Odyssey, and Lunar Module 7 (LM-7), called Aquarius. Also considered part of the spacecraft were the launch escape system which would propel the command module (CM) to safety in the event of a problem during liftoff, and the Spacecraft–LM Adapter, numbered as SLA-16, which housed the lunar module (LM) during the first hours of the mission. [49] [50] The LM stages, CM and service module (SM) were received at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in June 1969; the portions of the Saturn V were received in June and July. Thereafter, testing and assembly proceeded, culminating with the rollout of the launch vehicle, with the spacecraft atop it, on December 15, 1969. [49] Apollo 13 was originally scheduled for launch on March 12, 1970; in January of that year NASA announced the mission would be postponed until April 11, both to allow more time for planning and to spread the Apollo missions over a longer period of time. [51] The plan was to have two Apollo flights per year, and was in response to budgetary constraints [52] that had recently seen the cancellation of Apollo 20. [53] Training and preparation Lovell practices deploying the flag The Apollo 13 prime crew undertook over 1, 000 hours of mission-specific training, more than five hours for every hour of the mission's ten-day planned duration. Each member of the prime crew spent over 400 hours in simulators of the CM and (for Lovell and Haise) of the LM at KSC and at Houston, some of which involved the flight controllers at Mission Control. [54] Flight controllers participated in many simulations of problems with the spacecraft in flight, which taught them how to react in an emergency. [11] Specialized simulators at other locations were also used by the crew members. [54] The astronauts of Apollo 11 had minimal time for geology training, with only six months between crew assignment and launch; higher priorities took much of their time. [55] Apollo 12 saw more such training, including practice in the field, using a CAPCOM and a simulated backroom of scientists, to whom the astronauts had to describe what they saw. [56] Scientist-astronaut Harrison Schmitt saw that there was limited enthusiasm for geology field trips. Believing an inspirational teacher was needed, Schmitt arranged for Lovell and Haise to meet his old professor, Caltech 's Lee Silver. The two astronauts, and backups Young and Duke, went on a field trip with Silver at their own time and expense. At the end of their week together, Lovell made Silver their geology mentor, who would be extensively involved in the geology planning for Apollo 13. [57] Farouk El-Baz oversaw the training of Mattingly and his backup, Swigert, which involved describing and photographing simulated lunar landmarks from airplanes. [58] El-Baz had all three prime crew astronauts describe geologic features they saw during their flights between Houston and KSC; Mattingly's enthusiasm caused other astronauts, such as Apollo 14's CMP, Roosa, to seek out El-Baz as a teacher. [59] Concerned about how close Apollo 11's LM, Eagle, had come to running out of propellant during its lunar descent, mission planners decided that beginning with Apollo 13, the CSM would bring the LM to the low orbit from which the landing attempt would commence. This was a change from Apollo 11 and 12, on which the LM made the burn to bring it to the lower orbit. The change was part of an effort to increase the amount of hover time available to the astronauts as the missions headed into rougher terrain. [60] The plan was to devote the first of the two four-hour lunar surface extravehicular activities (EVAs) to setting up the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) group of scientific instruments; during the second, Lovell and Haise would investigate Cone crater, near the planned landing site. [61] The two astronauts wore their spacesuits for some 20 walk-throughs of EVA procedures, including sample gathering and use of tools and other equipment. They flew in the " Vomit Comet " in simulated microgravity or lunar gravity, including practice in donning and doffing spacesuits. To prepare for the descent to the Moon's surface, Lovell flew the Lunar Landing Training Vehicle (LLTV). [62] Despite the fact that four of the five LLTVs and similar Lunar Landing Research Vehicles crashed during the course of the Apollo program, mission commanders considered flying them invaluable experience. [63] Experiments and scientific objectives Lovell (left) and Haise during geology training in Hawaii, January 1970 Apollo 13's designated landing site was near Fra Mauro crater; the Fra Mauro formation was believed to contain much material spattered by the impact that had filled the Imbrium basin early in the Moon's history. Dating it would provide information not only about the Moon, but about the Earth's early history. Such material was likely to be available at Cone crater, a site where an impact was believed to have drilled deep into the lunar regolith. [64] Apollo 11 had left a seismometer on the Moon, but the solar-powered unit did not survive its first two-week-long lunar night. The Apollo 12 astronauts also left one as part of its ALSEP, which was nuclear-powered. [65] Apollo 13 also carried a seismometer (known as the Passive Seismic Experiment, or PSE), similar to Apollo 12's, as part of its ALSEP, to be left on the Moon by the astronauts. [66] That seismometer was to be calibrated by the impact, after jettison, of the ascent stage of Apollo 13's LM, an object of known mass and velocity impacting at a known location. [67] Other ALSEP experiments on Apollo 13 included a Heat Flow Experiment (HFE), which would involve drilling two holes 3. 0 metres (10 ft) deep. [68] This was Haise's responsibility; he was also to drill a third hole of that depth for a core sample. [69] A Charged Particle Lunar Environment Experiment (CPLEE) measured the protons and electrons of solar origin reaching the Moon. [70] The package also included a Lunar Atmosphere Detector (LAD) [71] and a Dust Detector, to measure the accumulation of debris. [72] The Heat Flow Experiment and the CPLEE were flown for the first time on Apollo 13; the other experiments had been flown before. [69] Haise practices removing the fuel capsule from its transport cask mounted on the LM. The real cask sank unopened into the Pacific Ocean with its radioactive contents. To power the ALSEP, the SNAP-27 radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) was flown. Developed by the U. Atomic Energy Commission, SNAP-27 was first flown on Apollo 12. The fuel capsule contained about 3. 79 kilograms (8. 36 lb) of plutonium oxide. The cask placed around the capsule for transport to the Moon was built with heat shields of graphite and of beryllium, and with structural parts of titanium and of Inconel materials. Thus, it was built to withstand the heat of reentry into the Earth's atmosphere rather than pollute the air with plutonium in the event of an aborted mission. [73] A United States flag was also taken, to be erected on the Moon's surface. [74] For Apollo 11 and 12, the flag had been placed in a heat-resistant tube on the front landing leg; it was moved for Apollo 13 to the Modularized Equipment Stowage Assembly (MESA) in the LM descent stage. The structure to fly the flag on the airless Moon was improved from Apollo 12's. [75] Since Lovell and Haise were to undertake longer traverses than on the earlier missions, the tool carrier which the Apollo 12 astronauts had hand-carried was expanded, given two wheels, and dubbed the Modular Equipment Transporter. [76] For the first time, red stripes were placed on the helmet, arms and legs of the commander's A7L spacesuit. This was done as after Apollo 11, those reviewing the images taken had trouble distinguishing Armstrong from Aldrin, but the change was approved too late for Apollo 12. [77] New drink bags that attached inside the helmets and were to be sipped from as the astronauts walked on the Moon were demonstrated by Haise during Apollo 13's final television broadcast before the accident. [78] [79] Apollo 13's primary mission objectives were to: "Perform selenological inspection, survey, and sampling of materials in a preselected region of the Fra Mauro Formation. Deploy and activate an Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package. Develop man's capability to work in the lunar environment. Obtain photographs of candidate exploration sites. " [80] The astronauts were also to accomplish other photographic objectives, including of the Gegenschein from lunar orbit, and of the Moon itself on the journey back to Earth. Some of this photography was to be performed by Swigert as Lovell and Haise walked on the Moon. [81] Swigert was also to take photographs of the Lagrangian points of the Earth-Moon system. Apollo 13 had twelve cameras on board, including those for television and moving pictures. [69] The crew was also to downlink bistatic radar observations of the Moon. None of these was attempted because of the accident. [81] Flight of Apollo 13 The circumlunar trajectory followed by Apollo 13, drawn to scale; the accident occurred about 56 hours into the mission Apollo 13 spacecraft configuration during most of the journey Launch and translunar injection Apollo 13 launches from Kennedy Space Center, April 11, 1970 The mission was launched at the planned time, 2:13:00 pm EST (19:13:00 UTC) on April 11. An anomaly occurred when the second-stage, center (inboard) engine shut down about two minutes early. [82] [83] This was caused by severe pogo oscillations. Starting with Apollo 10, the vehicle's guidance system was designed to shut the engine down in response to chamber pressure excursions. [84] Pogo oscillations had occurred on Titan rockets (used during the Gemini program) and on previous Apollo missions, [85] [86] but on Apollo 13 they were amplified by an interaction with turbopump cavitation. [87] [88] A fix to prevent pogo was ready for the mission, but schedule pressure did not permit the hardware's integration into the Apollo 13 vehicle. [84] [89] A post-flight investigation revealed the engine was one cycle away from catastrophic failure. [84] In spite of the shutdown, the four outboard engines and the S-IVB third stage burned longer to compensate, and the vehicle achieved very close to the planned circular 190 kilometers (100 nmi) parking orbit, followed by a translunar injection (TLI) about two hours later, setting the mission on course for the Moon. [82] [83] After TLI, Swigert performed the separation and transposition maneuvers before docking the CSM Odyssey to the LM Aquarius, and the spacecraft pulled away from the third stage. Ground controllers then sent the third stage on a course to impact the Moon in range of the Apollo 12 seismometer, which it did just over three days into the mission. [91] The crew settled in for the three-day trip to Fra Mauro. At 30:40:50 into the mission, with the TV camera running, the crew performed a burn to place Apollo 13 on a hybrid trajectory. The departure from a free-return trajectory meant that if no further burns were performed, Apollo 13 would miss Earth on its return trajectory, rather than intercept it, as with a free return. [92] A free return trajectory could only reach sites near the lunar equator; a hybrid trajectory, which could be started at any point after TLI, allowed sites with higher latitudes, such as Fra Mauro, to be reached. [93] Communications were enlivened when Swigert realized that in the last-minute rush, he had omitted to file his federal income tax return (due April 15), and amid laughter from mission controllers, asked how he could get an extension. He was found to be entitled to a 60-day extension for being out of the country at the deadline. [94] Entry into the LM to test its systems had been scheduled for 58:00:00; when the crew awoke on the third day of the mission, they were informed it had been moved up three hours and was later moved up again by another hour. A television broadcast was scheduled for 55:00:00; Lovell, acting as emcee, showed the audience the interiors of Odyssey and Aquarius. [95] The audience was limited by the fact that none of the television networks were carrying the broadcast, [96] forcing Marilyn Lovell (Jim Lovell's wife) to go to the VIP room at Mission Control if she wanted to watch her husband and his crewmates. [97] Accident Approximately six and a half minutes after the TV broadcast – approaching 56:00:00 – Apollo 13 was about 180, 000 nautical miles (210, 000 mi; 330, 000 km) from Earth. [98] Haise was completing the shutdown of the LM after testing its systems while Lovell stowed the TV camera. Jack Lousma, the CAPCOM, sent minor instructions to Swigert, including changing the attitude of the craft to facilitate photography of Comet Bennett. [98] [99] The pressure sensor in one of the SM's oxygen tanks had earlier appeared to be malfunctioning, so Sy Liebergot (the EECOM, in charge of monitoring the CSM's electrical system) requested that the stirring fans in the tanks be activated. Normally this was done once daily; this additional stir would destratify the contents of the tanks, making the pressure readings more accurate. [98] The Flight Director, Kranz, had Liebergot wait a few minutes for the crew to settle down after the telecast, [100] then Lousma relayed the request to Swigert, who activated the switches controlling the fans, [98] and after a few seconds turned them off again. [99] Ninety-five seconds after Swigert activated those switches, [100] the astronauts heard a "pretty large bang", accompanied by fluctuations in electrical power and the firing of the attitude control thrusters. [101] [102] Communications and telemetry to Earth were lost for 1. 8 seconds, until the system automatically corrected by switching the high-gain S-band antenna, used for translunar communications, from narrow-beam to wide-beam mode. [103] The accident happened at 55:54:53; Swigert reported 26 seconds later, "Okay, Houston, we've had a problem here, " echoed at 55:55:42 by Lovell, "Houston, we've had a problem. We've had a Main B Bus undervolt. " [98] Lovell's initial thought on hearing the noise was that Haise had activated the LM's cabin-repressurization valve, which also produced a bang (Haise enjoyed doing so to startle his crewmates) but Lovell could see that Haise had no idea what had happened. Swigert initially thought that a meteoroid might have struck the LM, but he and Lovell quickly realized there was no leak. [104] The Main Bus B undervolt meant that there was insufficient voltage flowing from the SM's three power cells (fueled by hydrogen and oxygen piped from their respective tanks) to the second of the SM's two power distribution systems. Almost everything in the CSM required power. Although the bus momentarily returned to normal status, soon both buses A and B were short on voltage. Haise checked the status of the fuel cells, and found that two of them were dead. Mission rules forbade entering lunar orbit unless all fuel cells were operational. [105] In the minutes after the accident, there were several unusual readings, showing that tank 2 was empty and tank 1's pressure slowly falling, that the computer on the spacecraft had reset, and that the high-gain antenna was not working. Liebergot initially missed the worrying signs from tank 2 following the stir, as he was focusing on tank 1, believing that its reading would be a good guide to what was present in tank 2; so did controllers supporting him in the "back room". When Kranz questioned Liebergot on this he initially responded that there might be false readings due to an instrumentation problem; he was often teased about that in the years to come. [11] Lovell, looking out the window, reported "a gas of some sort" venting into space, making it clear that there was a serious problem. [106] Since the fuel cells needed oxygen to operate, when Oxygen Tank 1 ran dry, the remaining fuel cell would shut down, meaning the CSM's only significant sources of power and oxygen would be the CM's batteries and its oxygen "surge tank". These would be needed for the final hours of the mission, but the remaining fuel cell, already starved for oxygen, was drawing from the surge tank. Kranz ordered the surge tank isolated, saving its oxygen, but this meant that the remaining fuel cell would die within two hours, as the oxygen in tank 1 was consumed or leaked away. [105] The volume surrounding the spacecraft was filled with myriad small bits of debris from the accident, complicating any efforts to use the stars for navigation. [107] The mission's goal became simply getting the astronauts back to Earth alive. [108] Looping around the Moon This depiction of a direct abort (from a 1966 planning report) contemplates returning from a point much earlier in the mission, and closer to Earth, than where the Apollo 13 accident occurred. NASA - Apollo 13 Lunar Mission - Views Of The Moon (2:24; February 24, 2020) The lunar module had charged batteries and full oxygen tanks for use on the lunar surface, so Kranz directed that the astronauts power up the LM and use it as a "lifeboat" [11] – a scenario anticipated but considered unlikely. [109] Procedures for using the LM in this way had been developed by LM flight controllers after a training simulation for Apollo 10 in which the LM was needed for survival, but could not be powered up in time. [108] Had Apollo 13's accident occurred on the return voyage, with the LM already jettisoned, the astronauts would have died. [110] A key decision was the choice of return path. A "direct abort" would use the SM's main engine (the Service Propulsion System or SPS) to return before reaching the Moon. But the accident could have damaged the SPS, and the fuel cells would have to last at least another hour to meet its power requirements, so Kranz instead decided on a longer route: the spacecraft would swing around the Moon before heading back to Earth. Apollo 13 was on the hybrid trajectory which was to take it to Fra Mauro; it now needed to be brought back to a free return. The LM's Descent Propulsion System (DPS), although not as powerful as the SPS, could do this, but new software for Mission Control's computers needed to be written by technicians as it had never been contemplated that the CSM/LM spacecraft would have to be maneuvered by the DPS. As the CM was being shut down, Lovell copied down its guidance system's orientation information and performed hand calculations to transfer it to the LM's guidance system, which had been turned off; at his request Mission Control checked his figures. [108] [111] At 61:29:43. 49 the DPS burn of 34. 23 seconds took Apollo 13 back to a free return trajectory. [112] The Apollo 13 crew photographed the Moon out of the Lunar Module. The change would get Apollo 13 back to Earth in about four days' time – though with splashdown in the Indian Ocean, where NASA had few recovery forces. Jerry Bostick and other Flight Dynamics Officers (FIDOs) were anxious both to shorten the travel time and to move splashdown to the Pacific Ocean, where the main recovery forces were located. One option would shave 36 hours off the return time, but required jettisoning the SM; this would expose the CM's heat shield to space during the return journey, something for which it had not been designed. The FIDOs also proposed other solutions. After a meeting involving NASA officials and engineers, the senior individual present, Manned Spaceflight Center director Robert R. Gilruth, decided on a burn using the DPS, that would save 12 hours and land Apollo 13 in the Pacific. This "PC+2" burn would take place two hours after pericynthion, the closest approach to the Moon. [108] At pericynthion, Apollo 13 set the record (per the Guinness Book of World Records), which still stands, for the highest absolute altitude attained by a crewed spacecraft: 400, 171 kilometers (248, 655 mi) from Earth at 7:21 pm EST, April 14 (00:21:00 UTC April 15). [113] [note 4] While preparing for the burn the crew was told that the S-IVB had impacted the Moon as planned, leading Lovell to quip, "Well, at least something worked on this flight. " [116] [117] Kranz's White team of mission controllers, which had spent most of their time supporting other teams and developing the procedures urgently needed to get the astronauts home, took their consoles for the PC+2 procedure. [118] Normally, the accuracy of such a burn could be assured by checking the alignment Lovell had transferred to the LM's computer against the position of one of the stars astronauts used for navigation, but the light glinting off the many pieces of debris accompanying the spacecraft made that impractical. The astronauts used the one star available whose position could not be obscured – the Sun. Houston also informed them that the Moon would be centered in the commander's window of the LM as they made the burn, which was almost perfect – less than 0. 3 meters (a foot) per second off. [116] The burn, at 79:27:38. 95, lasted four minutes, 23 seconds. [119] The crew then shut down most LM systems to conserve consumables. [116] Return to earth Swigert with the rig improvised to adapt the CM's lithium hydroxide canisters for use in the LM The LM carried enough oxygen, but that still left the problem of removing carbon dioxide, which was absorbed by canisters of lithium hydroxide pellets. The LM's stock of canisters, meant to accommodate two astronauts for 45 hours on the Moon, was not enough to support three astronauts for the return journey to Earth. [120] The CM had enough canisters, but they were the wrong shape and size to work in the LM's equipment. Engineers on the ground devised a way to bridge the gap, using plastic, covers ripped from procedures manuals, duct tape, and other items. [121] [122] NASA engineers referred to the improvised device as "the mailbox". The procedure for building the device was read to the crew by CAPCOM Joe Kerwin over the course of an hour, and it was built by Swigert and Haise; carbon dioxide levels began dropping immediately. Lovell later described this improvisation as "a fine example of cooperation between ground and space". [123] Lovell tries to rest in the frigid spacecraft The CSM's electricity came from fuel cells that produced water as a byproduct, but the LM was powered by silver-zinc batteries, that did not. so both electrical power and water (needed for equipment cooling as well as drinking) would be critical. LM power consumption was reduced to the lowest level possible; [124] Swigert was able to fill some drinking bags with water from the CM's water tap, [116] but even assuming rationing of personal consumption, Haise initially calculated they would run out of water for cooling about five hours before reentry. This seemed acceptable because the systems of Apollo 11's LM, once jettisoned in lunar orbit, had continued to operate for seven to eight hours even with the water cut off. In the end, Apollo 13 returned to Earth with 12. 8 kilograms (28. 2 lb) of water remaining. [125] The crew's ration was 0. 2 liters of water per person per day; the three astronauts lost a total of 14 kilograms (31 lb) among them, and Haise developed a urinary tract infection. [126] [127]. This infection was probably caused by the reduced water intake, but microgravity and effects of cosmic radiation might have impaired his immune system's reaction to the pathogen. [128] Apollo 13: Houston, We've Got a Problem (1970) — Documentary about the mission by NASA (28:21) Inside the darkened spacecraft, the temperature dropped as low as 3 °C (38 °F). Lovell considered having the crew don their spacesuits, but decided this would be too hot. Instead, Lovell and Haise wore their lunar EVA boots and Swigert put on an extra coverall. All three astronauts were cold, especially Swigert, who had got his feet wet while filling the water bags and had no lunar overshoes (since he had not been scheduled to walk on the Moon). As they had been told not to discharge their urine to space to avoid disturbing the trajectory, they had to store it in bags. Water condensed on the walls, though any condensation there may have been behind equipment panels [129] caused no problems, partly because of the extensive electrical insulation improvements instituted after the Apollo 1 fire. [130] Despite all this the crew voiced few complaints. [131] Flight controller John Aaron, along with Mattingly and several engineers and designers, devised a procedure for powering up the command module from full shutdown – something never intended to be done in flight, much less under Apollo 13's severe power and time constraints. [132] The astronauts implemented the procedure without apparent difficulty: Kranz later credited the fact that all three astronauts had been test pilots, accustomed to having to work in critical situations with their lives on the line, for their survival. [131] Reentry and splashdown Despite the accuracy of the transearth injection, the spacecraft slowly drifted off course, necessitating a correction. As the LM's guidance system had been shut down following the PC+2 burn, the crew was told to use the line between night and day on the Earth to guide them, a technique used on NASA's earth-orbit missions but never on the way back from the Moon. [131] This DPS burn, at 105:18:42 for 14 seconds, brought the projected entry flight path angle back within safe limits. Nevertheless, yet another burn was needed at 137:40:13, using the LM's reaction control system (RCS) thrusters, for 21. 5 seconds. The SM was jettisoned less than half an hour later, allowing the crew to see the damage for the first time, and photograph it. They reported that an entire panel was missing from the SM's exterior, the fuel cells above the oxygen tank shelf were tilted, that the high-gain antenna was damaged, and there was a considerable amount of debris elsewhere. [133] Haise could see damage to the SM's engine bell, validating Kranz's decision not to use the SPS. [131] Apollo 13 splashes down in the South Pacific on April 17, 1970 The last problem to be solved was how to separate the lunar module a safe distance away from the command module just before reentry. The normal procedure, in lunar orbit, was to release the LM then use the service module's RCS to pull the CSM away, but by this point the SM had already been released. Grumman, manufacturer of the LM, assigned a team of University of Toronto engineers, led by senior scientist Bernard Etkin, to solve the problem of how much air pressure to use to push the modules apart. The astronauts applied the solution, which was successful. [134] The LM reentered Earth's atmosphere and was destroyed, the remaining pieces falling in the deep ocean. [135] [110] Apollo 13's final midcourse correction had addressed the concerns of the Atomic Energy Commission, which wanted the cask containing the plutonium oxide intended for the SNAP-27 RTG to land in a safe place. The impact point was over the Tonga Trench in the Pacific, one of its deepest points, and the cask sank 10 kilometers (6 mi) to the bottom. Later helicopter surveys found no radioactive leakage. [131] Ionization of the air around the command module during reentry would typically cause a four-minute communications blackout. Apollo 13's shallow reentry path lengthened this to six minutes, longer than had been expected; controllers feared that the CM's heat shield had failed. [136] Odyssey regained radio contact and splashed down safely in the South Pacific Ocean, 21°38′24″S 165°21′42″W  /  21. 36167°W, [137] southeast of American Samoa and 6. 5 km (3. 5 nmi) from the recovery ship, USS Iwo Jima. [138] Although fatigued, the crew was in good condition except for Haise, who was suffering from a serious urinary tract infection because of insufficient water intake. [127] The crew stayed overnight on the ship and flew to Pago Pago, Samoa, the next day. They flew to Hawaii, where President Richard Nixon awarded them the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor. [139] They stayed overnight, and then were flown back to Houston. [140] En route to Honolulu, President Nixon stopped at Houston to award the Presidential Medal of Freedom to the Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team. [141] He originally planned to give the award to NASA administrator Dr. Thomas O. Paine, but Paine recommended the mission operations team. [142] Public and media reaction Nobody believes me, but during this six-day odyssey we had no idea what an impression Apollo 13 made on the people of Earth. We never dreamed a billion people were following us on television and radio, and reading about us in banner headlines of every newspaper published. We still missed the point on board the carrier Iwo Jima, which picked us up, because the sailors had been as remote from the media as we were. Only when we reached Honolulu did we comprehend our impact: there we found President Nixon and [NASA Administrator] Dr. Paine to meet us, along with my wife Marilyn, Fred's wife Mary (who being pregnant, also had a doctor along just in case), and bachelor Jack's parents, in lieu of his usual airline stewardesses. —  Jim Lovell [127] Worldwide interest in the Apollo program was reawakened by the incident; television coverage of which was seen by millions. Four Soviet ships headed toward the landing area to assist if needed, [143] and other nations offered assistance should the craft have to splash down elsewhere. [144] President Nixon canceled appointments, phoned the astronauts' families, and drove to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, where Apollo's tracking and communications were coordinated. [143] The rescue received more public attention than any spaceflight to that point, other than the first Moon landing on Apollo 11. There were worldwide headlines, and people surrounded television sets to get the latest developments, offered by networks who interrupted their regular programming for bulletins. Pope Paul VI led a congregation of 10, 000 people in praying for the astronauts' safe return; ten times that number offered prayers at a religious festival in India. [145] The United States Senate on April 14 passed a resolution urging businesses to pause at 9:00 pm local time that evening to allow for employee prayer. [143] An estimated 40 million Americans watched Apollo 13's splashdown, carried live on all three networks, with another 30 million watching some portion of the six and one-half hour telecast. Even more outside the U. watched. Jack Gould of The New York Times stated that Apollo 13, "which came so close to tragic disaster, in all probability united the world in mutual concern more fully than another successful landing on the Moon would have". [146] Investigation and response Review board Oxygen tank number 2, showing heater and thermostat unit Immediately upon the crew's return, NASA Administrator Paine and Deputy Administrator George Low appointed a review board – chaired by NASA Langley Research Center Director Edgar M. Cortright and including Neil Armstrong and six others [note 5] – to investigate the accident. The board's final report, sent to Paine on June 15, [148] found that the failure began in the service module's number 2 oxygen tank. [149] Damaged Teflon insulation on the wires to the stirring fan inside Oxygen Tank 2 allowed the wires to short-circuit and ignite this insulation. The resulting fire quickly increased pressure inside the tank and the tank dome failed, filling the fuel cell bay (SM Sector 4) with rapidly expanding gaseous oxygen and combustion products. The escaping gas was probably enough by itself to blow out the aluminum exterior panel to Sector 4, but combustion products generated as nearby insulation ignited would have added to the pressure. The panel's departure exposed the sector to space, snuffing out the fire, and it probably hit the nearby high-gain antenna, disrupting communications to Earth for 1. 8 seconds. [150] The sectors of the SM were not airtight from each other, and had there been time for the entire SM to become as pressurized as Sector 4, the force on the CM's heat shield would have separated the two modules. The report questioned the use of Teflon and other materials shown to be flammable in supercritical oxygen, such as aluminum, within the tank. [151] The board found no evidence pointing to any other theory of the accident. [152] Panel similar to the SM Sector 4 cover being ejected during a test performed as part of the investigation Mechanical shock forced the oxygen valves closed on the number 1 and number 3 fuel cells, putting them out of commission. [153] The sudden failure of Oxygen Tank 2 compromised Oxygen Tank 1, causing its contents to leak out, possibly through a damaged line or valve, over the next 130 minutes, entirely depleting the SM's oxygen supply. [154] [155] With both SM oxygen tanks emptying, and with other damage to the SM, the mission had to be aborted. [156] The board praised the response to the emergency, "The imperfection in Apollo 13 constituted a near disaster, averted only by outstanding performance on the part of the crew and the ground control team which supported them. " [157] Oxygen Tank 2 was manufactured by the Beech Aircraft Company of Boulder, Colorado, as subcontractor to North American Rockwell (NAR) of Downey, California, prime contractor for the CSM. [158] It contained two thermostatic switches, originally designed for the command module's 28-volt DC power, but which could fail if subjected to the 65 volts used during ground testing at KSC. [159] Under the original 1962 specifications, the switches would be rated for 28 volts, but revised specifications issued in 1965 called for 65 volts to allow for quicker tank pressurization at KSC. Nonetheless, the switches Beech used were not rated for 65 volts. [160] At NAR's facility, Oxygen Tank 2 had been originally installed in an oxygen shelf placed in the Apollo 10 service module, SM-106, but which was removed to fix a potential electromagnetic interference problem and another shelf substituted. During removal, the shelf was accidentally dropped at least 5 centimeters (2 in) because a retaining bolt had not been removed. The probability of damage from this was low, but it is possible that the fill line assembly was loose and made worse by the fall. After some retesting (which did not include filling the tank with liquid oxygen), in November 1968 the shelf was re-installed in SM-109, intended for Apollo 13, which was shipped to KSC in June 1969. [161] The Countdown Demonstration Test took place with SM-109 in its place near the top of the Saturn V and began on March 16, 1970. During the test, the cryogenic tanks were filled, but Oxygen Tank 2 could not be emptied through the normal drain line, and a report was written documenting the problem. After discussion among NASA and the contractors, attempts to empty the tank resumed on March 27. When it would not empty normally, the heaters in the tank were turned on to boil off the oxygen. The thermostatic switches were designed to prevent the heaters from raising the temperature higher than 27 °C (80 °F), but they failed under the 65-volt power supply applied. Temperatures on the heater tube within the tank may have reached 540 °C (1, 000 °F), most likely damaging the Teflon insulation. [159] The temperature gauge was not designed to read higher than 29 °C (85 °F), so the technician monitoring the procedure detected nothing unusual. This heating had been approved by Lovell and Mattingly of the prime crew, as well as by NASA managers and engineers. [162] [163] Replacement of the tank would have delayed the mission by at least a month. [126] The tank was filled with liquid oxygen again before launch; once electric power was connected, it was in a hazardous condition. [156] The board found that Swigert's activation of the Oxygen Tank 2 fan at the request of Mission Control caused an electric arc that set the tank on fire. [164] The board conducted a test of an oxygen tank rigged with hot-wire ignitors that caused a rapid rise in temperature within the tank, after which it failed, producing telemetry similar to that seen with the Apollo 13 Oxygen Tank 2. [165] Tests with panels similar to the one that was seen to be missing on SM Sector 4 caused separation of the panel in the test apparatus. [166] Changes in response Redesigned oxygen tank for Apollo 14 For Apollo 14 and subsequent missions, the oxygen tank was redesigned, the thermostats being upgraded to handle the proper voltage. The heaters were retained since they were necessary to maintain oxygen pressure. The stirring fans, with their unsealed motors, were removed, which meant the oxygen quantity gauge was no longer accurate. This required adding a third tank so that no tank would go below half full. [167] The third tank was placed in Bay 1 of the SM, on the side opposite the other two, and was given an isolation valve that could isolate it from the fuel cells and from the other two oxygen tanks in an emergency, and allow it to feed the CM's environmental system only. The quantity probe was upgraded from aluminum to stainless steel. [168] All electrical wiring in Bay 4 was sheathed in stainless steel. The fuel cell oxygen supply valves were redesigned to isolate the Teflon-coated wiring from the oxygen. The spacecraft and Mission Control monitoring systems were modified to give more immediate and visible warnings of anomalies. [167] An emergency supply of 19 litres (5 US gal) of water was stored in the CM, and an emergency battery, identical to those that powered the LM's descent stage, was placed in the SM. The LM was modified to make transfer of power from LM to CM easier. [169] Devices were placed in the S-II second stage to counteract pogo oscillations. [170] Aftermath On February 5, 1971, Apollo 14 's LM, Antares, landed on the Moon with astronauts Alan Shepard and Edgar Mitchell aboard, near Fra Mauro, the site Apollo 13 had been intended to explore. [171] Haise served as CAPCOM during the descent to the Moon, [172] and during the second EVA, during which Shepard and Mitchell explored near Cone crater. [173] None of the Apollo 13 astronauts flew in space again. Lovell retired from NASA and the Navy in 1973, entering the private sector. [174] Swigert was to have flown on the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (the first joint mission with the Soviet Union) but was removed as part of the fallout from the Apollo 15 postal covers incident. He took a leave of absence from NASA in 1973 and left the agency to enter politics, being elected to the House of Representatives in 1982, but died of cancer before he could be sworn in. [175] Haise was slated to have been the commander of the canceled Apollo 19 mission, and flew the Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Tests before retiring from NASA in 1979. [176] Several experiments were completed even though the mission did not land on the Moon. [177] One involved the launch vehicle's S-IVB (the Saturn V's third stage) which on prior missions had been sent into solar orbit once detached. The seismometer left by Apollo 12 had detected frequent impacts of small objects onto the Moon, but larger impacts would yield more information about the Moon's crust, so it was decided that beginning with Apollo 13, the S-IVB would be crashed into the Moon. [178] The impact occurred at 77:56:40 into the mission and produced enough energy that the gain on the seismometer, 117 kilometers (73 mi) from the impact, had to be reduced. [91] An experiment to measure the amount of atmospheric electrical phenomena during the ascent to orbit – added after Apollo 12 was struck by lightning – returned data indicating a heightened risk during marginal weather. A series of photographs of Earth, taken to test whether cloud height could be determined from synchronous satellites, achieved the desired results. [177] The Apollo 13 command module Odyssey on display at the Cosmosphere in Hutchinson, Kansas The CM's interior components were removed during the investigation of the accident and reassembled into boilerplate BP-1102A, the water egress training module, which was subsequently on display at the Museum of Natural History and Science in Louisville, Kentucky, until 2000. Meanwhile, the exterior shell was displayed at the Musée de l'air et de l'espace, in Paris. The command module shell and the internal components were reassembled, and Odyssey is currently on display at the Cosmosphere in Hutchinson, Kansas. [179] Apollo 13 was called a "successful failure" by Lovell. [180] It has been repeatedly called, "NASA's finest hour". [181] [182] [183] [184] Author Colin Burgess wrote, "the life-or-death flight of Apollo 13 dramatically evinced the colossal risks inherent in manned spaceflight. Then, with the crew safely back on Earth, public apathy set in once again. " [185] William R. Compton, in his book about the Apollo Program, said of Apollo 13, "Only a heroic effort of real-time improvisation by mission operations teams saved the crew. " [186] Rick Houston and Milt Heflin, in their history of Mission Control, stated, "Apollo 13 proved mission control could bring those space voyagers back home again when their lives were on the line. " [187] Former NASA chief historian Roger D. Launius wrote, "More than any other incident in the history of spaceflight, recovery from this accident solidified the world's belief in NASA's capabilities". [188] Nevertheless, the accident convinced some officials, such as Manned Spaceflight Center director Gilruth, that if NASA kept sending astronauts on Apollo missions, some would inevitably be killed, and they called for as quick an end as possible to the program. [188] Nixon's advisers recommended canceling the remaining lunar missions, saying that a disaster in space would cost him political capital. [189] Budget cuts made such a decision easier, and during the pause after Apollo 13, two missions were canceled, meaning that the program ended with Apollo 17 in December 1972. [188] [190] Popular culture and media Command module replica used during Apollo 13 filming The 1974 movie Houston, We've Got a Problem, while set around the Apollo 13 incident, is a fictional drama about the crises faced by ground personnel when the emergency disrupts their work schedules and places further stress on their lives. Lovell publicly complained about the movie, saying it was "fictitious and in poor taste". [191] [192] "Houston... We've Got a Problem" was the title of an episode of the BBC documentary series A Life At Stake, broadcast in March 1978. This was an accurate, if simplified, reconstruction of the events. [193] In 1994, during the 25th anniversary of Apollo 11, PBS released a 90-minute documentary titled Apollo 13: To the Edge and Back. [194] [195] Following the flight, the crew planned to write a book, but they all left NASA without starting it. After Lovell retired in 1991, he was approached by journalist Jeffrey Kluger about writing a non-fiction account of the mission. Swigert died in 1982 and Haise was no longer interested in such a project. The resultant book, Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13, was published in 1994. [196] The next year, in 1995, a film adaptation of the book, Apollo 13, was released, directed by Ron Howard and starring Tom Hanks as Lovell, Bill Paxton as Haise, Kevin Bacon as Swigert, Gary Sinise as Mattingly, Ed Harris as Kranz, and Kathleen Quinlan as Marilyn Lovell. James Lovell, Kranz, and other principals have stated that this film depicted the events of the mission with reasonable accuracy, given that some dramatic license was taken. For example, the film changes the tense of Lovell's famous follow-up to Swigert's original words from, "Houston, we've had a problem" to " Houston, we have a problem ". [98] [197] The film also invented the phrase " Failure is not an option ", uttered by Harris as Kranz in the film; the phrase became so closely associated with Kranz that he used it for the title of his 2000 autobiography. [197] The film won two of the nine Academy Awards it was nominated for, Best Film Editing and Best Sound. [198] [199] In the 1998 miniseries From the Earth to the Moon, co-produced by Hanks and Howard, the mission is dramatized in the episode "We Interrupt This Program". Rather than showing the incident from the crew's perspective as in the Apollo 13 feature film, it is instead presented from an Earth-bound perspective of television reporters competing for coverage of the event. [200] Gallery Lovell practices deploying the ALSEP during training The Apollo 13 launch vehicle being rolled out, December 1969 Lunar module Aquarius after it was jettisoned above the Earth Mission Control celebrates the successful splashdown The crew speaking with President Nixon shortly after their return Replica of the lunar plaque with Swigert's name that was to cover the one attached to Aquarius with Mattingly's name Notes ^ No Apollo astronaut flew without life insurance, but the policies were paid for by private third parties whose involvement was not publicized. [9] ^ The role of the backup crew was to train and be prepared to fly in the event something happened to the prime crew. [19] Backup crews, according to the rotation, were assigned as the prime crew three missions after their assignment as backups. [20] ^ Some sources list Kerwin [29] and others list Pogue as the third member [30] [31] [32] ^ The record was set because the Moon was nearly at its furthest from Earth during the mission. Apollo 13's unique free return trajectory caused it to go approximately 100 kilometers (60 mi) further from the lunar far side than other Apollo lunar missions, but this was a minor contribution to the record. [114] A reconstruction of the trajectory by astrodynamicist Daniel Adamo in 2009 records the furthest distance as 400, 046 kilometers (248, 577 mi) at 7:34 pm EST (00:34:13 UTC). Apollo 10 holds the record for second-furthest at a distance of 399, 806 kilometers (248, 428 mi). [115] ^ The others were Robert F. Allnutt (Assistant to the Administrator, NASA Hqs. ); Dr. John F. Clark (Director, Goddard Space Flight Center); Brig. General Walter R. Hedrick Jr. (Director of Space, DCS/RED, Hqs., USAF); Vincent L. Johnson (Deputy Associate Administrator-Engineering, Office of Space Science and Applications); Milton Klein (Manager, AEC-NASA Space Nuclear Propulsion Office); Dr. Hans M. Mark (Director, Ames Research Center). [147] References ^ "Apollo 13 CM".. Retrieved August 18, 2019. ^ Orloff 2000, p. 309. ^ a b Orloff 2000, p. 284. ^ Orloff 2000, p. 307. ^ a b "Apollo 11 Mission Overview". NASA. December 21, 2017. Retrieved February 14, 2019. ^ "Mercury and Gemini". The Space Race. National Air and Space Museum. Retrieved February 11, 2019. ^ Chaikin 1998, pp. 232–233. ^ Chaikin 1998, p. 285. ^ a b Weinberger, Howard C. "Apollo Insurance Covers". Space Flown Artifacts (Chris Spain). Retrieved December 11, 2019. ^ a b Neufeld, Michael J. (July 24, 2019). 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Retrieved July 27, 2019. ^ a b Mission Operations Report 1970, p. I-1. ^ Kranz 2000, p. 307. ^ Lovell & Kluger 2000, p. 79. ^ Morgan 2001, p. 48. ^ Orloff & Harland 2006, p. 362. ^ Lovell & Kluger 2000, p. 81. ^ Orloff 2000, p. 283. ^ Crafton, Jean (April 12, 1970). "Astros Wear Badge of Apollo". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 105 – via ^ Moran, Dan (October 2, 2015). "Apollo 13 astronaut Jim Lovell shares stories about Tom Hanks, Ron Howard". Chicago Tribune. ^ Moran, Dan (October 2, 2015). "Namesake Brings Personal Touch to Lovell Center Fete". Chicago Tribune. p. 1-1 – via ^ a b Chaikin 1998, p. 291. ^ a b c Lovell & Kluger 2000, p. 87. ^ Lattimer 1988, p. 77. ^ Apollo 13 Press Kit 1970, p. 74. ^ "Day 1: Earth orbit and translunar injection". Apollo Lunar Flight Journal. February 17, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2019. ^ a b Orloff & Harland 2006, p. 364. ^ Apollo 13 Press Kit 1970, pp. 78, 81. ^ "MSC 70–9" (PDF) (Press release). January 8, 1970. Retrieved July 27, 2019. ^ "Apollo's Schedule Shifted by NASA". The New York Times. January 9, 1970. p. 17. ^ "Apollo 13 and 14 may be set back". UPI. January 6, 1970. p. 26. ^ a b Apollo 13 Press Kit 1970, p. 104. ^ Phinney 2015, p. 100. ^ Phinney 2015, pp. 103–104. ^ Phinney 2015, pp. 107–111. ^ Phinney 2015, p. 134. ^ Phinney 2015, pp. 141–142. ^ Harland 1999, p. 53. ^ Orloff & Harland 2006, p. 363. ^ Apollo 13 Press Kit 1970, p. 105. ^ Jones, Eric M. (April 29, 2006). "Lunar Landing Training Vehicle NASA 952". Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Retrieved July 20, 2019. ^ Harland 1999, pp. 51–53. ^ Harland 1999, pp. 38–39. ^ Apollo 13 Press Kit 1970, p. 29. ^ Apollo 13 Press Kit 1970, p. 42. ^ Apollo 13 Press Kit 1970, p. 33. ^ a b c Science News 1970-04-04, p. 354. ^ Apollo 13 Press Kit 1970, p. 49. ^ Apollo 13 Press Kit 1970, p. 51. ^ Apollo 13 Press Kit 1970, p. 62. ^ Apollo 13 Press Kit 1970, p. 65. ^ Apollo 13 Press Kit 1970, pp. 33, 65. ^ Apollo 13 Press Kit 1970, p. 73. ^ Phinney 2015, p. 81. ^ Jones, Eric M. (February 20, 2006). "Commander's stripes". Retrieved July 20, 2019. ^ Turnill 2003, p. 316. ^ Jones, Eric M. (March 3, 2010). "Water Gun, Helmet Feedport, In-Suit Drink Bag, and Food Stick". Retrieved November 15, 2019. ^ Accident report, p. 3-26. ^ a b Orloff & Harland 2006, p. 385. ^ a b Saturn 5 Launch Vehicle Flight Evaluation Report: AS-508 Apollo 13 Mission. George C. Marshall Space Flight Center. Huntsville, Alabama: NASA. June 20, 1970. MPR-SAT-FE-70-2. Retrieved May 30, 2017. ^ a b Benson & Faherty 1979, pp. 494–499. ^ a b c Larsen 2008, p. 5-13. ^ Fenwick, Jim (Spring 1992). "Pogo". Threshold. Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne. Archived from the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved July 3, 2013. ^ Larsen 2008, pp. 5-7–5-12. ^ Dotson, Kirk (Winter 2003–2004). "Mitigating Pogo on Liquid-Fueled Rockets" (PDF). Crosslink. El Segundo, California: The Aerospace Corporation. 5 (1): 26–29. Retrieved July 3, 2013. ^ Woods, W. David; Turhanov, Alexandr; Waugh, Lennox J., eds. (2016). "Launch and Reaching Earth Orbit". Apollo 13 Flight Journal. Retrieved August 5, 2019. ^ Atkinson, Nancy (April 14, 2010). "13 things that saved Apollo 13, Part 5: Unexplained shutdown of the Saturn V center engine". Retrieved September 16, 2019. ^ a b Orloff & Harland 2006, p. 367. ^ "Day 2: Midcourse correction 2 on TV". Retrieved August 7, 2019. ^ Robin Wheeler (2009). "Apollo lunar landing launch window: The controlling factors and constraints". Retrieved December 2, 2019. ^ NASA 1970, p. 8. ^ Woods, W. "Day 3: Before the storm". Retrieved August 27, 2019. ^ Houston, Heflin & Aaron 2015, p. 206. ^ Chaikin 1998, pp. 285–287. ^ a b c d e f Woods, W. David; Kemppanen, Johannes; Turhanov, Alexander; Waugh, Lennox J. (May 30, 2017). "Day 3: 'Houston, we've had a problem ' ". Retrieved August 18, 2019. ^ a b Chaikin 1998, p. 292. ^ a b Houston, Heflin & Aaron 2015, p. 207. ^ Orloff & Harland 2006, p. 368. ^ Orloff 2000, pp. 152–157. ^ Accident report, p. 4-44. ^ Chaikin 1998, p. 293. ^ a b Chaikin 1998, pp. 293–294. ^ Houston, Heflin & Aaron 2015, p. 215. ^ Chaikin 1998, p. 299. ^ a b c d Cass, Stephen (April 1, 2005). "Houston, we have a solution, part 2". Retrieved August 31, 2019. ^ Lovell & Kluger 2000, pp. 83–87. ^ a b "Apollo 13 Lunar Module/ALSEP". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Retrieved October 31, 2009. ^ Chaikin 1998, pp. 297–298. ^ Orloff & Harland 2006, p. 369. ^ Glenday 2010, p. 13. ^ Adamo 2009, p. 37. ^ Adamo 2009, p. 41. ^ a b c d "Day 4: Leaving the Moon". Retrieved September 7, 2019. ^ Cooper 2013, pp. 84–86. ^ Houston, Heflin & Aaron 2015, pp. 221–222. ^ Orloff & Harland 2006, p. 391. ^ Houston, Heflin & Aaron 2015, p. 224. ^ Pothier, Richard (April 16, 1970). "Astronauts Beat Air Crisis By Do-It-Yourself Gadget". Detroit Free Press. Detroit, Michigan. p. 12-C – via ^ Barell 2016, p. 154. ^ Cortright 1975, pp. 257–262. ^ Mission Operations Report 1970, pp. III‑17, III-33, III-40. ^ Cortright 1975, pp. 254–257. ^ a b Jones, Eric M. (January 4, 2006). "The frustrations of Fra Mauro: Part I". Retrieved September 7, 2019. ^ a b c Cortright 1975, pp. 262–263. ^ Kennedy, A. R. (2014). "Biological effects of space radiation and development of effective countermeasures" (PDF). Life Sciences in Space Research (1): 10–43. doi: 10. 1016/. ^ Cortright 1975, pp. 257–263. ^ Siceloff, Steven (September 20, 2007). "Generation Constellation Learns about Apollo 13". Constellation Program. Retrieved September 7, 2019. ^ a b c d e Cass, Stephen (April 1, 2005). "Houston, we have a solution, part 3". Retrieved September 8, 2019. ^ Leopold, George (March 17, 2009). "Power engineer: Video interview with Apollo astronaut Ken Mattingly". EE Times. UMB Tech. Retrieved August 14, 2010. ^ Orloff & Harland 2006, pp. 370–371. ^ "Bernard Etkin helped avert Apollo 13 tragedy". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved September 7, 2019. ^ "Impact Sites of Apollo LM Ascent and SIVB Stages". Retrieved August 27, 2019. ^ Pappalardo, Joe (May 1, 2007). "Did Ron Howard exaggerate the reentry scene in the movie Apollo 13? ". Washington, D. C. : Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved September 8, 2019. ^ & Apollo 13 Mission Report 1970, p. 1-2. ^ Orloff & Harland 2006, p. 371. ^ "Heroes of Apollo 13 Welcomed by President and Loved Ones". The Philadelphia Enquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Associated Press. April 19, 1970. p. 1 – via ^ Apollo 13 Mission Report 1970, p. 10-5. ^ "Behind the Scenes of Apollo 13". Richard Nixon Foundation. April 11, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2019. ^ "Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team in Houston". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved December 27, 2017. ^ a b c NASA 1970, p. 15. ^ Benson & Faherty 1979, pp. 489–494. ^ Chaikin 1998, p. 316. ^ Gould, Jack (April 18, 1970). "TV: Millions of viewers end vigil for Apollo 13". p. 59. ^ Accident report, pp. 1-1–1-4. ^ Accident report, p. 15. ^ Accident report, p. 4-36. ^ Orloff & Harland 2006, pp. 372–373. ^ Accident report, pp. 5-6–5-7, 5-12–5-13. ^ Accident report, p. 4-37. ^ Accident report, p. 4-40. ^ Orloff & Harland 2006, p. 372. ^ Accident report, p. 4-43. ^ a b Orloff & Harland 2006, p. 375. ^ Accident report, p. ii. ^ Accident report, p. 4-2. ^ a b Accident report, p. 4-23. ^ Orloff & Harland 2006, p. 374. ^ Accident report, pp. 4-19, 4-21. ^ Chaikin 1998, pp. 330–331. ^ Williams, David R. "The Apollo 13 Accident". Retrieved December 31, 2012. ^ Chaikin 1998, p. 333. ^ Accident report, appendix F–H, pp. F-48–F-49. ^ Accident report, appendix F–H, pp. F-70–F-82. ^ a b Gatland 1976, p. 281. ^ Apollo 14 Press Kit 1971, pp. 96–97. ^ Apollo 14 Press Kit 1971, pp. 96–98. ^ Apollo 14 Press Kit 1971, p. 95. ^ "Apollo 14 mission". USRA. Lunar and Planetary Institute. Retrieved September 15, 2019. ^ Jones, Eric M., ed. (January 12, 2016). "Landing at Far Mauro". Apollo 14 Lunar Surface Journal. Retrieved November 24, 2019. ^ Jones, Eric M., ed. (September 29, 2017). "Climbing Cone Ridge – where are we? ". Retrieved November 24, 2019. ^ "Astronaut Bio: James A. Lovell". Archived from the original on January 12, 2017. Retrieved December 16, 2016. ^ Carney, Emily (August 29, 2014). "For Jack Swigert, on his 83rd birthday". AmericaSpace. Retrieved November 24, 2019. ^ Howell, Elizabeth (March 20, 2013). "Astronaut Fred Haise: Apollo 13 Crewmember".. Retrieved November 24, 2019. ^ a b "Apollo 13 mission: Science experiments". Retrieved August 8, 2019. ^ Harland 1999, p. 50. ^ "Apollo 13 Capsule Headed for Kansas". The Manhattan Mercury. Manhattan, Kansas. December 29, 1996. p. A2 – via ^ Cortright 1975, pp. 247–249. ^ Shiflett, Kim (April 17, 2015). "Members of Apollo 13 Team Reflect on 'NASA's Finest Hour ' ". Retrieved June 16, 2018. ^ Foerman, Paul; Thompson, Lacy, eds. (April 2010). "Apollo 13 – NASA's 'successful failure ' " (PDF). Lagniappe. Hancock County, Mississippi: John C. Stennis Space Center. 5 (4): 5–7. Retrieved July 4, 2013. ^ Seil, Bill (July 5, 2005). "NASA's Finest Hour: Sy Liebergot recalls the race to save Apollo 13" (PDF). Boeing News Now. Boeing Company. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 9, 2012. ^ Chaikin 1998, p. 335. ^ Burgess 2019, p. 23. ^ Compton 1989, pp. 196–199. ^ Houston, Heflin & Aaron 2015, p. 199. ^ a b c Launius 2019, p. 187. ^ Chaikin 1998, p. 336. ^ Burgess 2019, pp. 22–27. ^ "Apollo 13 Movie Irks Lovell". The South Bend Tribune. South Bend, Indiana. February 28, 1974. p. 5 – via ^ Rosenwald, Michael S. (April 13, 2017). " ' Houston, we have a problem': The amazing history of the iconic Apollo 13 misquote". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 21, 2019. ^ Meades, Jonathan (March 26, 1978). "The Week in View". The Observer. London, England. p. 29 – via ^ "Wednesday Highlights". TV Week. Chicago, Illinois. July 17, 1994. p. 25 – via ^ "Space Specials at a Glance". Florida Today. Cocoa, Florida. p. 3 – via ^ Dunn, Marcia (December 11, 1994). "Lovell Describes the Dark Side of Moon Shots". The Post-Crescent. Appleton, Wisconsin. p. F-8 – via ^ a b Granath, Bob (April 17, 2015). Retrieved July 1, 2019. ^ "The Winners". The Herald-Palladium. Saint Joseph, Michigan. March 26, 1996. p. 4B – via ^ Barnes, Harper (February 14, 1996). " ' Braveheart', 'Apollo 13' Lead Oscar Nominees". St. Louis Post Dispatch. Louis, Missouri. p. 4A – via ^ Sterngold, James (April 5, 1998). "Tom Hanks Flies us to the Moon via HBO". Santa Cruz Sentinel. Santa Cruz, California. p. C-6 – via Sources Adamo, Daniel (2009). "The Elusive Human Maximum Altitude Record". Quest: The History of Spaceflight Quarterly. Vol. 16 no. 4. ISSN 1065-7738. Apollo 13 Press Kit (PDF). : NASA. 1970. 70-50K. Apollo 14 Press Kit (PDF). 1971. 71-3K. Apollo Program Summary Report (PDF) (Report). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1975. JSC-09423. Barell, John (2016). Antarctic Adventures: Life Lessons from Polar Explorers. Balboa Press. ISBN 978-1-5043-6651-9. Benson, Charles D. ; Faherty, William Barnaby (1978). Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations (PDF). NASA History Series. SP-4204. Brooks, Courtney G. ; Grimwood, James M. ; Swenson, Loyd S. Jr. (1979). Chariots for Apollo: A History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft (PDF). : Scientific and Technical Information Branch, NASA. ISBN 978-0-486-46756-6. LCCN 79001042. OCLC 4664449. NASA SP-4205. Burgess, Colin (2019). Shattered Dreams: The Lost and Canceled Space Missions (eBook ed. ). Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-1-4962-1422-5. Chaikin, Andrew (1998) [1994]. A Man on the Moon: The Voyages of the Apollo Astronauts. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-024146-4. Compton, William David (1989). Where No Man has Gone Before: A History of Apollo Lunar Exploration Missions. OCLC 1045558568. SP-4214. Cooper, Henry S. F. (2013) [1972]. Thirteen: The Apollo Mission that Failed. New York: Open Road Integrated Media, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4804-6221-2. Cortright, Edgar M. (June 15, 1970). Report of Apollo 13 Review Board (PDF). NASA. Report of Apollo 13 Review Board, appendix F–H (PDF). Driscoll, Everly (April 4, 1970). "Apollo 13 to the highlands". Science News. 97 (14): 353–355. 2307/3954891. JSTOR 3954891. (subscription required) Flight Control Division (April 1970). Mission Operations Report (PDF). Houston, Texas: NASA Manned Spacecraft Center. Gatland, Kenneth (1976). Manned Spacecraft (Second ed. New York: MacMillan. ISBN 978-0-02-542820-1. Glenday, Craig, ed. (2010). Guinness World Records 2010. New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 978-0-553-59337-2. Harland, David (1999). Exploring the Moon: The Apollo Expeditions. London; New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-85233-099-6. Houston, Rick; Heflin, J. Milt; Aaron, John (2015). Go, Flight! : the Unsung Heroes of Mission Control, 1965–1992 (eBook ed. ISBN 978-0-8032-8494-4. Houston, We've Got a Problem (PDF). : NASA Office of Public Affairs. EP-76. Kranz, Gene (2000). Failure Is Not an Option: Mission Control from Mercury to Apollo 13 and Beyond. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-0079-0. Larsen, Curtis E. (May 22, 2008). NASA Experience with Pogo in Human Spaceflight Vehicles (PDF). NATO RTO Symposium ATV-152 on Limit-Cycle Oscillations and Other Amplitude-Limited, Self-Excited Vibrations. NASA Johnson Space Center. Norway. RTO-MP-AVT-152. Lattimer, Dick (1988) [1983]. All We Did Was Fly to the Moon. History-alive series. 1. Foreword by James A. Michener (2nd ed. Gainesville, Florida: Whispering Eagle Press. ISBN 978-0-9611228-0-5. LCCN 85222271. Launius, Roger D. (2019). Reaching for the Moon: A Short History of the Space Race (eBook ed. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-24516-5. Lovell, James A. (1975). "Chapter 13: "Houston, We've Had a Problem " " (PDF). In Cortright, Edgar M. (ed. Apollo Expeditions to the Moon (PDF). SP-350. Lovell, Jim; Kluger, Jeffrey (2000) [1994]. Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-618-05665-1. Mission Evaluation Team (September 1970). Apollo 13 Mission Report (PDF). Houston, Texas: NASA Manned Spacecraft Center. MSC-02680. Morgan, Clay (2001). Shuttle–Mir (PDF). SP-4225. Orloff, Richard W. ; Harland, David M. (2006). Apollo: The Definitive Sourcebook. Chichester, UK: Praxis Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-387-30043-6. Orloff, Richard W. (2000). Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference (PDF). : NASA History Division, Office of Policy and Plans. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. LCCN 00061677. OCLC 829406439. NASA SP-2000-4029. Phinney, William C. (2015). Science Training History of the Apollo Astronauts (PDF). SP-2015-626. Slayton, Donald K. "Deke"; Cassutt, Michael (1994). Deke! U. Manned Space: From Mercury to the Shuttle (1st ed. New York: Forge. ISBN 978-0-312-85503-1. Turnill, Reginald (2003). The Moonlandings: An Eyewitness Account. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-03535-4. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Apollo 13. Wikiquote has quotations related to: Apollo 13 NASA reports "Apollo 13: Lunar exploration experiments and photography summary" (Original mission as planned) (PDF) NASA, February 1970 "Apollo 13 Technical Air-to-Ground Voice Transcription" (PDF) NASA, April 1970 Multimedia "Space Educators' Handbook Apollo 13" at NASA "Apollo 13: LIFE With the Lovell Family During 'NASA's Finest Hour'" – slideshow by Life magazine "Apollo 13: NASA's Finest Hour" – slideshow by Life magazine at the Internet Archive.

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The Invisible Life of Eurídice Gusmão Theatrical release poster Directed by Karim Aïnouz Produced by Rodrigo Teixeira Michael Weber Viola Fügen Screenplay by Murilo Hauser Inés Bortagaray Karim Aïnouz Based on The Invisible Life of Eurídice Gusmão by Martha Batalha Starring Carol Duarte Julia Stockler Gregorio Duvivier Bárbara Santos Flávia Gusmão Maria Manoella Antônio Fonseca Cristina Pereira Gillray Coutinho Fernanda Montenegro Music by Benedikt Schiefer Cinematography Hélène Louvart Edited by Heike Parplies Production company RT Features Pola Pandora Canal Brasil Naymar Distributed by Sony Pictures Vitrine Filmes Release date 20 May 2019 ( Cannes) 21 November 2019 (Brazil) Running time 139 minutes Country Brazil Germany Language Portuguese Box office $1. 6 million [1] The Invisible Life of Eurídice Gusmão ( Portuguese: A Vida Invisível) [2] is a 2019 internationally co-produced drama film directed by Karim Aïnouz based on the 2016 novel The Invisible Life of Eurídice Gusmão by Martha Batalha. [3] [4] It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival, [5] where it won the top prize. [6] It was selected as the Brazilian entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 92nd Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. [7] Plot [ edit] In Rio de Janeiro during the 1950s, two sisters struggle against repression and bigotry in a patriarchal era. [7] Cast [ edit] Carol Duarte as Eurídice Gusmão Julia Stockler as Guida Gusmão Gregorio Duvivier as Antenor Bárbara Santos as Filomena Flávia Gusmão as Ana Gusmão Maria Manoella as Zélia Antônio Fonseca as Manuel Gusmão Cristina Pereira as Cecília Gillray Coutinho as Afonso Fernanda Montenegro as Present-Day Eurídice Gusmão Release [ edit] The film had its world premiere at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival on 20 May 2019. [3] It will be released in Brazil first in the Northeast Region on 19 September 2019, and on 31 October 2019 in the rest of the country, by Sony Pictures and Vitrine Filmes. [8] In 20 August 2019, Amazon Studios acquired the North American rights to the film. [9] Reception [ edit] Critical response [ edit] On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 92% approval rating based on 59 reviews, with an average rating of 7. 47/10. [10] Guy Lodge of Variety praised Karim Aïnouz's "singular, saturated directorial style" and called the film "a waking dream, saturated in sound, music and color to match its depth of feeling. " [11] Writing for The Hollywood Reporter, David Rooney praised the film, commenting, "Despite its many depictions of cruel insensitivity, quotidian unfairness and chronic disappointment, The Invisible Life of Eurídice Gusmão is a haunting drama that quietly celebrates the resilience of women even as they endure beaten-down existences. " [12] See also [ edit] List of submissions to the 92nd Academy Awards for Best International Feature Film List of Brazilian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film References [ edit] ^ "The Invisible Life of Eurídice Gusmão". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 20 January 2019. ^ "A Vida Invisível". Vitrine Filmes. Retrieved 1 September 2019. ^ a b "The Screenings Guide 2019". Cannes Film Festival. 9 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019. ^ Hopewell, John (8 August 2016). "RT Features' Rodrigo Teixeira, Karim Aïnouz Re-Team for 'The Invisible Life of Eurídice Gusmão' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved 24 April 2019. ^ "Cannes festival 2019: full list of films". The Guardian. 6 May 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2019. ^ Lodge, Guy (24 May 2019). "Brazil's 'Invisible Life of Eurídice Gusmão' Wins Cannes Un Certain Regard Award". Retrieved 24 May 2019. ^ a b Mango, Agustin. "Oscars: Brazil Selects 'The Invisible Life of Euridice Gusmao' for International Feature Category". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 28 August 2019. ^ Zanetti, Laysa (26 August 2019). "A Vida Invisível adianta lançamento em mais de um mês, apenas no Nordeste, visando o Oscar". AdoroCinema (in Portuguese). Retrieved 27 August 2019. ^ Wiseman, Andreas (20 August 2019). "Amazon Studios Buys U. S. Rights To Cannes Winner & Brazilian Oscar Hopeful 'The Invisible Life Of Eurídice Gusmão ' ". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 27 August 2019. ^ "The Invisible Life of Eurídice Gusmão (2019)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved 15 January 2020. ^ Lodge, Guy (25 May 2019). "Film Review: 'The Invisible Life of Eurídice Gusmão ' ". Retrieved 27 August 2019. ^ Rooney, David (20 May 2019). " ' The Invisible Life of Euridice Gusmao' ('A Vida invisivel de Euridice Gusmao'): Film Review". Retrieved 27 August 2019. External links [ edit] The Invisible Life of Eurídice Gusmão on IMDb.

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  • Author: Viktoria Fuentes
  • Resume An act of my own imagination, en busca de la fascinación 👣♥️🌑


Star: Olga Mironova
47569 Vote
Elem Klimov, Ales Adamovich
Release Date: 1985
directed by: Elem Klimov
average Ratings: 8,7 / 10 Star

Pelicula en español.


I have seen this movie many of times but i just now rented it again to watch my favorite movie of all time in honor of R. Lee Ermey R.I.P.

Описание Фильм: Иди и смотри Оригинальное название: Иди и смотри Год выхода: 1985 Жанр: Военный, драма Режиссер: Элем Климов В ролях: Кравченко Алексей, Миронова Ольга, Лауцявичюс Любомирас, Багдонас Владас, Лумисте Юрс, Лоренц Виктор, Рабецкий Казимир, Тиличеев Евгений, Берда Александр Выпущено: СССР Продолжительность: 02:17:06 Перевод: Оригинал (Русский) Качество: DVDRip Размер: 2, 57 Gb О фильме: Большинство кинокритиков считают название фильма призывом к действию, что позитивно сказывается на общей атмосфере кинокартины. Конечно же, этот фильм должен посмотреть действительно каждый человек, который интересуется военной тематикой, а также судьбой людей, проживающих в военный период. Зрителям по сюжету фильма покажут деревню, похожую на сотни тысяч таких, какие были по всему Советском Союзе. Возле этой деревни недавно проходил отряд партизанов. Посещение немцами, а также их попытки узнать, что же это такое за подпольное движение не дали значимого результата: информацию о месте нахождения партизанов никогда не должен выдавать, даже командиры. Фашисты такого не прощают. Через несколько мгновений, полная деревня людей превратилась в решето и чистое поле, на котором не наблюдалось ни одной живой души. Главный герой отправился воевать, когда был еще совсем ребёнком. Он в своей жизни всегда верил и надеялся на добро. Через четыре года он благополучно стал партизаном, но в глубине своей души также оставался таким же ребёнком, каким был на самом деле. Фильм не оставит равнодушными человека, ведь в ней рассказывается обо всех ужасных событиях, происходящих во времена тяжёлой войны. Похожие Комментарии Информация Посетители, находящиеся в группе Гости, не могут оставлять комментарии к данной публикации.

Lmao look at all the salty wehraboos in the comments. American dad. I loved this movie because it was the kind of war movie I had been looking for because of its gripping events that happens in war. Klimov does an epic job in showing what the Russians had to go through with survival and the gripping physiological hardships of what not only adults, but what children had to endure. Before I could only imagine the implications of a society where the survival of the fittest is the bottom line, and this movie helped me institutionalize it. The feeling of being on your own in wartime, and losing all you have, including your sanity, is greatly hinted in this movie for you. At the end, feel for the kid that had to endure everything in addition to his aging. I think that. Basically, it is a powerful reminder of war being hell where it is worth emphasizing in ways like this.

Background music in the beginning: The Dead Flag Blues - GY!BE. Same director make one of my favorite soviet comedy (film was debute. Best war film I've ever seen. There is a sustained 40 minute episode of pure horror near the end which is utterly jaw-dropping. Фильм Иди и смотри (1985) скачать бесплатно в професcиональной озвучке или посмотреть онлайн, чтобы начать просмотр нужно нажать на кнопку в плеере и спустя несколько секунд воспроизведение фильма начнется в хорошем HD (High-Definition) качестве 720p или 1080p. Напомним, что посмотреть онлайн вы можете не только на компьютере, но и на андроид (Android), iPhone и iPad. Приятного просмотра! HDRip 08 май 2017 Год, страна: 1985, СССР Жанр: Фильмы, Военный, Драма, Отечественные Режиссер: Элем Климов Актеры: Алексей Кравченко, Ольга Миронова, Любомирас Лауцявичюс, Владас Багдонас, Юри Лумисте, Виктор Лоренц, Казимир Рабецкий, Евгений Тиличеев, Александр Берда, Г. Вельц 136 мин. / 02:16 зрителям, достигшим 16 лет Иди и смотри (1985) скачать бесплатно или смотреть онлайн Картина основана на документальных фактах и обращается к «Хатынской повести» Адамовича. Авторами выбрано именно то место и те события, которые стали символом народной беды и страдания. Флера - шестнадцатилетний мальчишка, откопавший среди обрывков колючей проволоки, ржавых пулеметных лент и простреленных касок карабин, и отправившийся в лес к партизанам. В начале фильма он совсем ребенок. В конце, пройдя через ужас карательной акции фашистов, становится взрослым, пугающе взрослым и даже - старым. Война исказила когда-то нежные, детские черты и превратила их в старческие морщины. _________________________________________________________________________ Фильм снят по мотивам произведений Алеся Адамовича «Хатынская повесть», «Партизаны» и «Каратели». Лучший фильм по опросу журнала «Советский экран» в 1987 году. Съёмки сцен фильма проходили в хронологическом порядке. Роли дублировали: Валерий Кравченко Сценарий: Алесь Адамович, Элем Климов Оператор: Алексей Родионов Композитор: Олег Янченко Художник: Элеонора Семенова, Виктор Петров Монтаж: Валерия Белова Студия: Беларусьфильм, Мосфильм Премьера (мир): 10 июля 1985 Релиз на DVD: 20 февраля 2014, «Азимут» Трейлер Плеер №1 Плеер №2 Контент недоступен в данный момент. Приносим извинения за неудобства. На нашем сайте имеется возможность смотреть фильмы онлайн в HD (High-Definition) качестве, для этого воспользуйтесь переключателем качества видео в нижнем правом углу плеера. Обратите внимание на то, что чем выше будет качество видео, тем больше времени будет занимать загрузка видео и увеличится количество передаваемого трафика.

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Download Idi i smotri. Idi i smotri 1985 download. Absolutely great movie aboug war. All action takes place in Belarus during the great Patriotic war against Nazi Germany. @UnitedOffensiveIII i guess you dont know Stalin never killed millions of his people in siberia like the CIA tells xD the americans lie the fucking world and how will stalin find transport for 30 million people how will he feed them to their death sentence how wiil he have resources to do it huh. america is full of lies not the USSR. These ' soldiers' are in hell now. There victims in Heaven. Pray the mighty Rosary and wear the Brown Scapular.

 

Mijn volledige filmrecensie. Download idi i smotri. 2:42 Spider Man is coming... HDRip Год: 1985 Жанр: Фильмы, Военный, Драма, Отечественные Страна: СССР Режиссер: Элем Климов В ролях: Алексей Кравченко, Ольга Миронова, Любомирас Лауцявичюс, Владас Багдонас, Юри Лумисте, Виктор Лоренц, Казимир Рабецкий, Евгений Тиличеев, Александр Берда, Г. Вельц Озвучивание: Возраст: зрителям, достигшим 16 лет Длительность: 136 мин. / 02:16 Следите за обновлениями! Хотите первыми узнавать о выходе новой серии или появлении более лучшего качества? Подписывайтесь на обновления и получайте уведомления прямо на Вашу почту. Подписаться на уведомления Подписались: 0 Описание Иди и смотри: Картина основана на документальных фактах и обращается к «Хатынской повести» Адамовича. Авторами выбрано именно то место и те события, которые стали символом народной беды и страдания. Флера - шестнадцатилетний мальчишка, откопавший среди обрывков колючей проволоки, ржавых пулеметных лент и простреленных касок карабин, и отправившийся в лес к партизанам. В начале фильма он совсем ребенок. В конце, пройдя через ужас карательной акции фашистов, становится взрослым, пугающе взрослым и даже - старым. Война исказила когда-то нежные, детские черты и превратила их в старческие морщины. _________________________________________________________________________ Фильм снят по мотивам произведений Алеся Адамовича «Хатынская повесть», «Партизаны» и «Каратели». Лучший фильм по опросу журнала «Советский экран» в 1987 году. Съёмки сцен фильма проходили в хронологическом порядке. Роли дублировали: Валерий Кравченко Сценарий: Алесь Адамович, Элем Климов Оператор: Алексей Родионов Композитор: Олег Янченко Художник: Элеонора Семенова, Виктор Петров Монтаж: Валерия Белова Студия: Беларусьфильм, Мосфильм Премьера (мир): 10 июля 1985 Релиз на DVD: 20 февраля 2014, «Азимут» Скачать Иди и смотри быстро и бесплатно Смотреть Иди и смотри онлайн бесплатно в хорошем HD качестве Трейлер Плеер №1 Плеер №2 Контент недоступен в данный момент. Приносим извинения за неудобства. Рекомендуем к просмотру: Отзывов 0: Оставить отзыв.

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What even is Hiptang. @93riven - glad to read. Kiss me goodbye and write me while Im gone. I remember watching this one night (late) on Bravo when they used to show all kinds of strange and usually foreign movies. This was about a year after it came out (1989. Stayed up to watch it all. Pretty disturbing movie but then again, what about war isn't.

 

 

 

 

 

8.1/ 10stars